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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1882: Labor Day (Original):
-- The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York
City's Union Square. The event originated in connection with a
General Assembly of the Knights of Labor convened in New York City
in September 1882. In connection with this clandestine Knights
assembly, a public parade of various labor organizations was held
on September 5 under the auspices of the Central Labor Union (CLU)
of New York. Secretary of the CLU Matthew Maguire is credited for
first proposing that a national Labor Day holiday subsequently be
held on the first Monday of each September in the aftermath of
this successful public demonstration. Today, Labor Day is indeed
celebrated on the first Monday of each September, recognized as a
federal holiday throughout The United States Of America, and as
Labour Day, a national public holiday in Canada,. It honors the
labor movement generally and the American labor movement
particularly, and the power of collective action by laborers, who
are essential for the workings of society. In 1887, Oregon was the
first state of the United States to make it an official public
holiday. By the time it became an official federal holiday in
1894, thirty states in the United States officially celebrated
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5: National Cheese Pizza Day:
-- Today we say "Hold the toppings!" That's right,
cheese is all you need when celebrating this pizza holiday.
Whether the pie is homemade or ordered in, make it cheese only.
Add a variety of cheeses to your pie to celebrate. Smokey gouda or
a little gorgonzola might mix it up. If you like a little cheddar,
mild or sharp shredded across the top will do. Debates prevail
over thin or thick crust. However, that debate is for another day.
The cheese holds the spotlight on this occasion. In fact,
thin-crust doesn't even have a day. How did that happen? However,
deep-dish does. Check out April 5th for more information about it.
And National Pizza Day gets piping hot on February 9th. We do know
a few things about pizza in general, though. In ancient Greece,
they covered their bread with oils, herbs and cheese. Many believe
this to be the beginning of the pizza. In Byzantine Greek the word
was spelled p?ta, or pita, meaning pie. The Romans also developed
a version of the pizza pie. Using bay leaves for flavoring, the
Romans topped the dough with cheese and honey. When it comes to
the modern pizza, we turn to Italy. Their Neapolitan flatbread
created the beginnings of the pizza we know and love today. It was
topped with mozzarella cheese made from high-quality buffalo milk.
In the United States, we love our pizzas, especially cheese pizza.
In 1997, it's estimated the United States produced more than 2
billion pounds of pizza cheese. That's a lot of cheese! Our
passion for pizza began in 1905 when the first pizza eaty oped in
New York's Little Italy. It's been a cheese love affair ever
since. To observe National Cheese Pizza Day: Order up or bake up
your own cheese pizza to celebrate! Take a pizza poll to find out
who makes the best cheese pizza in your state. Test out a new
recipe or try one of these below. Have a cheese pizza party.
Invite friends over to make their favorite cheese pizzas and enjoy
each other's company. You can even try to break a world record.
Make the largest cheese pizza or the thinnest. While you can make
the pizza at home (we have recipes, too), don't forget to give a
shout out to your favorite pizzeria. Whether they service it by
the slice or you order up a whole pizza, you know they make it
with love. Use #NationalCheesePizzaDay to post on social media.
The most common type of cheese on cheese pizza is mozzarella. This
meltable, flexible cheese gives cheese pizza stretchy awesomeness.
Cheddar cheese also makes for fabulous pizzas. The sharpness adds
a punch of flavor. Provolone offers a subtle flavor. Choose smoked
provolone to enhance the taste experience. Another option for
cheese pizza is adding cheese blends. Add parmesan to mozzarella.
Top the mozzarella with goat cheese, also known as Cherve'.
Combine cheddar, mozzarella, and Pecorino-Romano for a flavor
explosion. There are other pizza days on the calendar: Pepperoni
Pizza Day, National Pizza Day, National Deep Dish Pizza Day, and
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5: National Actdumb Day: --
Today's a positive way of celebrating and appreciating those often
marginalized or mocked because they are different. Those who
participate on this day show their support and acceptance of
others' uniqueness. It's also an opportunity to show your support
for other people's fun and fantastic things! From new hairstyles
to unique sports, National Actdumb. Day encourages people to
celebrate what makes someone different - without mocking or
judging other people based on their differences. Today is a
holiday that many of you may not be familiar with, but it's one we
should all celebrate. Today is National Actdumb. Day. This day
celebrates those people who have difficulty performing the
simplest or most mundane tasks or are ostracized for their actions
and beliefs. It is celebrated as the day when people who are
considered different, alienated, or shunned for their differences
come together to share in a collective voice. It's a day when we
celebrate and appreciate those who see things differently than the
majority. The day was submitted as a holiday in May 2020 by
Actdumb. as a counterpoint to the increasing insensitivity to
others with mental disabilities that were becoming more and more
prevalent in media. Actdumb. feared that they would find
themselves silenced or ridiculed again, and felt they deserved
better than that. Maybe it doesn't sound like a national holiday
on paper, but this has been celebrated for years. Many of us would
think, how did we get from celebrating the holiday to talking
about what historically inspired it? It's pretty simple. When you
start looking at the history of people with disabilities and how
they've been treated over time, things get pretty sad and
disheartening. We could go as far back as colonial times when
people were categorized as lunatics if they exhibited signs of a
disability. After that, individuals with disabilities were
ostracized because it was believed they weren't capable of doing
certain things and needed to be separated from society. But more
recently, instead of segregating them and throwing them into
institutions, the community decided to make fun of those with
disabilities and treat them like they are lesser humans than us.
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5: National Shrink Day: -- This
holiday was created as an homage to Bob Newhart, who played a
psychiatrist on the T.V. series "The Bob Newhart Show",
whose birthday is on this day. Today people around the U.S.
celebrate the special bond we have come to develop with our
psychiatrists and therapists. The day reminds us of the
contribution therapists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists, and
psychologists make to our society. These caring individuals play a
meaningful role in our communities, making them deserving of
praise. Considering the principal role that psychologists and
psychiatrists play in our daily lives, it is surprising to learn
that these developments are relatively recent. Although ancient
societies were interested in the philosophical study of psychology
and human emotions, this was far from the specialized academic
discipline that psychological studies constitute today. For
example, in Ancient Egypt, scholars attempted to study mental
disorders. The earliest examples of academic psychological study
can be traced back to the 19th century. Gustav Fechner and Wilhelm
Wundt, German scientists and philosophers, developed the earliest
systematic studies of the human psyche and established the first
psychological research laboratory. The late 1800s saw a growing
interest in psychology. During this period, Sigmund Freud, an
Austrian neurologist, began developing the earliest frameworks for
psychoanalysis. His research later influenced the advent of
speech-based therapy, which is widely applied today. Throughout
the 20th century, psychology, as a field, developed immensely,
giving birth to several new specialties. Behavioral research
particularly became an increasingly studied subject, with several
grants across the U.S. dedicated to this form of study. It was
also around the earliest decades of the 20th century that
psychology became an officially recognized academic discipline,
with dedicated university courses and degrees. From the second
half of the 20th century onwards, psychological and psychiatric
practices became increasingly popular. Eventually, psychology and
related disciplines become part of general medicine, with
dedicated programs in schools, the military, and several
governmental and private institutions. Attention to mental health
is now quite important in our daily lives, which attests to the
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5: National Cellulite Day: -- A
day that emphasizes that women should embrace their bodies!
Cellulite, also known as Gynoid Lipodystrophy (GLD) is the
herniation of subcutaneous fat within fibrous connective tissue
that manifests as skin dimpling and nodularity, often on the
pelvic region (specifically the buttocks), lower limbs, and
abdomen. Cellulite occurs in most postpubescent females. A review
gives a prevalence of 85-98% of women of European descent, but it
is considerably less common in women of East Asian descent. It is
believed to be physiological rather than pathological. It can
result from a complex combination of factors, including diet,
sedentary lifestyle, hormonal imbalance or heredity, among others.
Cellulite is something that women shouldn't be humiliated by, and
so the day is all about remembering to be authentic and accepting
oneself. Cellulite, which can range from minor lumps to deep
grooves. The goal of National Cellulite Day is to increase
awareness about the fact that cellulite is natural and part of
your beauty. Cellulite is more common in women. The amount of
cellulite and where it appears can differ from person to person.
It is important to understand that cellulite can affect anyone,
and some women are more prone to it than others. It could be
determined by your genes, body fat percentage, and age. Cellulite
can be avoided by minimizing your usage of hormonal
contraceptives, coffee, and a bad diet -- so if you're trying to
avoid cellulite, aim to maintain a healthy body weight, exercise
regularly, get good quality sleep and stay hydrated. However, some
dermatologists declare that cellulite is a secondary sexual
characteristic -- so, embrace your cellulite, and embrace your
body! On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5: International Day Of
Charity: -- Originally a Hungarian civil society initiative to
commemorate Mother Teresa's death, the International Day Of
Charity took off worldwide in 2012 when the UN declared it an
international holiday. Besides honoring Mother Teresa's tireless
work to help others overcome poverty and suffering, the holiday
provides a platform for charitable opportunities to take place. If
you can't make a financial donation on September 5, there are
still many ways to get involved, including buying gifts that give
back to charities. Overall, this day reminds us that simple acts
of charity can alleviate the worst effects of humanitarian crises
and create more inclusive and resilient societies. Mother Mary
Teresa Bojaxhiu was born on August 26, 1910, in the Ottoman
Empire, and would go on to commit herself to religious life by age
12. She had always been fascinated by missionaries, particularly
those in India, and left home at 18 to learn English and become a
missionary in Ireland. She later moved on to India, where she
learned Bengali and took religious vows to become a Catholic nun.
Her charitable work truly began in 1948, when she adopted Indian
citizenship and worked with the poorest individuals in the
country. In the coming years, she opened several hospices,
established a congregation, and instituted leper houses and
orphanages. Her congregation attracted many recruits and donors
and went on to found many branches of her charitable organization
that took her good work across the globe. Mother Teresa, who died
in 1997 after 45 dedicated years of charitable service, is
remembered as a woman of great faith and unmatched charitable
donation. In fact, she left such a legacy that the Hungarian
Parliament and Government established International Day of Charity
in her honor in 2011. They chose September 5, the anniversary of
her death, to commemorate her life with their civil service
initiative. The United Nations quickly picked up on this holiday,
and by 2012 it was spread worldwide. The UN established it to
recognize the charitable works of all organizations, including the
work of Mother Teresa, and to highlight the power of charity in
alleviating humanitarian crises and human suffering. Critical
goals established by the UN help guide the charitable works we
should engage in - these are people, planet, prosperity, peace,
and partnership. On September 5 we can honor the work of Mother
Teresa by experiencing the joy of charitable giving ourselves! On
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5: The Feast Day Of Mother
Teresa (The Feast Day Of St. Teresa Of Calcutta, Saint Teresa
Canonization Day [Albania]): -- September 5, 1997: #DOTD: #RIP:
Mother Teresa, also known as Saint Teresa Of Calcutta, Roman
Catholic saint, Albanian-Macedonian-Indian nun, founder in 1950
and active member of the Missionaries Of Charity, Nobel Prize
laureate (b. August 26, 1910) #dies aged 87 in Calcutta, West
Bengal, India, after years of declining health. She lay in repose
in an open casket in St Thomas, Calcutta, for a week before her
funeral. She received a state funeral from the Indian government
in gratitude for her service to the poor of all religions in the
country. She is buried at The Mother House Of The Missionaries Of
Charity in Kolkata. Mother Teresa was born Anjeze Gonxhe Bojaxhiu
in Uskub, now Skopje, capital of North Macedonia. After living in
Skopje for eighteen years, she moved to Ireland and then to India,
where she lived for most of her life. After Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu
(passport name) founded her missionary Roman Catholic religious
congregation, it grew to have over 4,500 nuns and was active in
133 countries as of 2012. The congregation manages homes for
people who are dying of HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis. The
congregation also runs soup kitchens, dispensaries, mobile
clinics, children's and family counselling programmes, as well as
orphanages and schools. Members take vows of chastity, poverty,
and obedience and also profess a fourth vow-to give "wholehearted
free service to the poorest of the poor." Mother Teresa
received several honours, including the 1962 Ramon Magsaysay Peace
Prize and the 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. She was canonised on 4
September 2016, and the anniversary of her death (5 September) is
her feast day. A controversial figure during her life and after
her death, Mother Teresa was admired by many for her charitable
work. She was praised and criticised on various counts, such as
for her views on abortion and contraception, and was criticized
for poor conditions in her houses for the dying. Her authorized
biography was written by Navin Chawla and published in 1992, and
she has been the subject of films and other books. On September 4,
2016, Mother Teresa was canonized a Roman Catholic saint at Saint
Peter's Square, Vatican City by Pope Francis. Her feast day is
September 5, the anniversary of her passing, and on September 6,
2017, Mother Teresa and St. Francis Xavier were named co-patrons
of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta. On Sale Until
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1666: Natural Disasters:
Natural Disasters In England: Natural Disasters In London: Fires:
Fires In England: Fires In London: Conflagrations: Conflagrations
In England: Conflagrations In London: The Great Fire Of London
(The First Great Fire Of London): -- The Great Fire Of London,
which broke out on September 2 and burned for three days, ends at
last, after destroying 10,000 buildings including St Paul's
Cathedral. The Great Fire Of London was a major conflagration that
swept through the central parts of the English city of London from
Sunday, 2 September to Thursday, 6 September 1666. The fire gutted
the medieval City of London inside the old Roman city wall. It
threatened but did not reach the aristocratic district of
Westminster, Charles II's Palace Of Whitehall, and most of the
suburban slums. It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St
Paul's Cathedral, and most of the buildings of the City
authorities. It is estimated to have destroyed the homes of 70,000
of the City's 80,000 inhabitants. The death toll is unknown but
was traditionally thought to have been small, as only six verified
deaths were recorded. This reasoning has recently been challenged
on the grounds that the deaths of poor and middle-class people
were not recorded; moreover, the heat of the fire may have
cremated many victims, leaving no recognisable remains. A melted
piece of pottery on display at the Museum of London found by
archaeologists in Pudding Lane, where the fire started, shows that
the temperature reached 1,250 dg. C (2,280 dg. F; 1,520 K). On
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1638: #BOTD: #HBD! Louis XIV
Of France, known as Louis The Great (Louis Le Grand) or the Sun
King (Roi Soleil), monarch of the House of Bourbon who reigned as
King of France from 1643 until his death (d. September 1, 1715) is
#born Louis Dieudonne in the Chateau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, a
former royal palace in the commune of Saint-Germain-en-Laye,
departement of Yvelines, about 19 km west of Paris, France, which
today houses the Musee d'Archeologie Nationale (National Museum of
Archaeology). Starting at the age of 4, his reign of 72 years and
110 days is the longest recorded of any monarch of a sovereign
country in European history. In the age of absolutism in Europe,
Louis XIV's France was a leader in the growing centralization of
power. Louis began his personal rule of France in 1661, after the
death of his chief minister, the Italian Cardinal Mazarin. An
adherent of the concept of the divine right of kings, which
advocates the divine origin of monarchical rule, Louis continued
his predecessors' work of creating a centralized state governed
from the capital. He sought to eliminate the remnants of feudalism
persisting in parts of France and, by compelling many members of
the nobility to inhabit his lavish Palace of Versailles, succeeded
in pacifying the aristocracy, many members of which had
participated in the Fronde rebellion during Louis' minority. By
these means he became one of the most powerful French monarchs and
consolidated a system of absolute monarchical rule in France that
endured until the French Revolution. Louis encouraged and
benefited from the work of prominent political, military, and
cultural figures such as Mazarin, Colbert, Louvois, the Grand
Conde, Turenne, Sebastien Le Prestre de Vauban, Andre Charles
Boulle, Moliere, Racine, Boileau, La Fontaine, Lully, Marais, Le
Brun, Rigaud, Bossuet, Le Vau, Mansart, Charles, Claude Perrault,
and Le Notre. Under his rule, the Edict of Nantes, which granted
rights to Huguenots, was abolished. The revocation effectively
forced Huguenots to emigrate or convert in a wave of dragonnades,
which managed to virtually destroy the French Protestant minority.
During Louis' reign, France was the leading European power, and it
fought three major wars: the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the
League of Augsburg, and the War of the Spanish Succession. There
were also two lesser conflicts: the War of Devolution and the War
of the Reunions. Warfare defined the foreign policy of Louis XIV,
and his personality shaped his approach. Impelled "by a mix
of commerce, revenge, and pique", Louis sensed that warfare
was the ideal way to enhance his glory. In peacetime he
concentrated on preparing for the next war. He taught his
diplomats that their job was to create tactical and strategic
advantages for the French military. Louis XIV died of gangrene at
Versailles, four days before his 77th birthday, after 72 years on
the throne. Enduring much pain in his last days, he finally
"yielded up his soul without any effort, like a candle going
out", while reciting the psalm Domine, ad adjuvandum me
festina (O Lord, make haste to help me). His body was laid to rest
in Saint-Denis Basilica outside Paris. It remained there
undisturbed for about 80 years until revolutionaries exhumed and
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1774: The Age Of
Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of
Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The American Enlightenment:
The American Revolution: The Continental Congress: The First
Continental Congress: -- The First Continental Congress (September
5 - October 26, 1774) assembles in Philadelphia with 56 delegates,
representing every colony, except Georgia. Attendants included
Patrick Henry, George Washington, Sam Adams and John Hancock. The
Continental Congress, also known as the Philadelphia Congress, was
a convention of delegates called together from the Thirteen
Colonies. It became the governing body of the United States during
the American Revolution. The Congress met from 1774 to 1789 in
three incarnations. The first call for a convention was made over
issues of the blockade and the Intolerable Acts penalizing the
Province of Massachusetts, which in 1774 enabled Benjamin Franklin
to convince the colonies to form a representative body. Much of
what we know today comes from the yearly log books printed by the
Continental Congress called Resolutions, Acts and Orders of
Congress, which gives a day to day description of debates and
issues. Although the delegates were divided early on as to whether
to break from Crown rule, the second Continental Congress on July
2, 1776, passed a resolution asserting independence, with no
opposing vote recorded. The Declaration Of Independence was issued
two days later declaring themselves a new nation: the United
States of America. It established a Continental Army, giving
command to one of its members, George Washington of Virginia. It
waged war with Great Britain, made a militia treaty with France,
and funded the war effort with loans and paper money. The third
Continental Congress was the Congress of the Confederation, the
governing body of the United States of America that existed from
March 1, 1781 to March 4, 1789,.under the Articles Of
Confederation, formally the Articles Of Confederation and
Perpetual Union, an agreement among the 13 original states of the
United States of America that served as its first constitution. On
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1781: The Age Of
Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of
Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The American Enlightenment:
The American Revolution: The American Revolutionary War: The
Battle Of The Chesapeake (The Battle Of The Virginia Capes, The
Battle Of The Capes): -- The British Navy is repelled by the
French Navy in crucial and decisive naval battle that took place
near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay that prevented the Royal Navy
from reinforcing or evacuating the besieged forces of Lieutenant
General Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia, thereby
contributing to the British surrender at Yorktown and effectively
securing independence for the Thirteen Colonies. The British fleet
was led by Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves and the French fleet was
led by Rear Admiral Francois Joseph Paul, the Comte de Grasse. The
French thereafter controlled of the sea lanes against the British,
and provided the Franco-American army with siege artillery and
French reinforcements. Admiral de Grasse had the option to attack
British forces in either New York or Virginia; he opted for
Virginia, arriving at the Chesapeake at the end of August. Admiral
Graves learned that de Grasse had sailed from the West Indies for
North America and that French Admiral de Barras had also sailed
from Newport, Rhode Island. He concluded that they were going to
join forces at the Chesapeake. He sailed south from Sandy Hook,
New Jersey, outside New York Harbor, with 19 ships of the line and
arrived at the mouth of the Chesapeake early on September 5 to see
de Grasse's fleet already at anchor in the bay. De Grasse hastily
prepared most of his fleet for battle - 24 ships of the line - and
sailed out to meet him. The two-hour engagement took place after
hours of maneuvering. The lines of the two fleets did not
completely meet; only the forward and center sections fully
engaged. The battle was consequently fairly evenly matched,
although the British suffered more casualties and ship damage, and
it broke off when the sun set. The British tactics have been a
subject of debate ever since. The two fleets sailed within view of
each other for several days, but de Grasse preferred to lure the
British away from the bay where de Barras was expected to arrive
carrying vital siege equipment. He broke away from the British on
September 13 and returned to the Chesapeake, where de Barras had
since arrived. Graves returned to New York to organize a larger
relief effort; this did not sail until October 19, two days after
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1793: The Age Of
Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of
Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The French Revolution: The
French First Republic (French: Premiere Republique; Revolutionary
France, Officially The French Republic [French: Republique
Francaise]): The Reign Of Terror: (French: La Terreur, "The
Terror") -- The French National Convention initiates The
Reign Of Terror, also known as The Terror (French: la Terreur),
the label given by historians to the period during the French
Revolution after the First French Republic was established. There
was a sense of emergency among leading politicians in France in
the summer of 1793 between the widespread civil war and
counter-revolution. Bertrand Barere exclaimed on September 5, 1793
in the Convention: "Let's make terror the order of the day!"
They were determined to avoid street violence such as the
September Massacres of 1792 by taking violence into their own
hands as an instrument of government. Maximilien Robespierre in
February 1794 in a speech explained the necessity of terror: "If
the basis of popular government in peacetime is virtue, the basis
of popular government during a revolution is both virtue and
terror; virtue, without which terror is baneful; terror, without
which virtue is powerless. Terror is nothing more than speedy,
severe and inflexible justice; it is thus an emanation of virtue;
it is less a principle in itself, than a consequence of the
general principle of democracy, applied to the most pressing needs
of the patrie [homeland, fatherland]. Some historians argue that
such terror was a necessary reaction to the circumstances. Others
suggest there were additional causes, including ideological and
emotional. Several historians consider the "reign of terror"
to have begun in 1793, placing the starting date at either 5
September, June or March (birth of the Revolutionary Tribunal),
while some consider it to have begun in September 1792 (September
Massacres), or even July 1789 (when the first beheadings by
guillotine took place), but there is a consensus that it ended
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1862: The American Civil War
(The Civil War, The War Between The States): The Eastern Theater
Of The American Civil War: The Maryland Campaign (The Antietam
Campaign): -- General Robert E. Lee's Army Of Northern Virginia
crosses the Potomac River at White's Ford in the war's first
Confederate invasion of the American North. The Maryland Campaign
(September 4- 20, 1862) followed Lee's victory in the Northern
Virginia Campaign. Lee moved north with 55,000 men through the
Shenandoah Valley starting on September 4, 1862. He and his forces
were repulsed by The Army Of The Potomac under Maj. Gen. George B.
McClellan, who moved to intercept Lee and his Army Of Northern
Virginia, and who eventually attacked it near Sharpsburg,
Maryland. The resulting Battle Of Antietam (known as The Battle Of
Sharpsburg in the South) was the bloodiest single-day battle in
American history with over 22,000 casualties, and is widely
considered one of the major turning points of the war. Lee's
objective was to resupply his army from outside of the war-torn,
supply-depleted Virginia theater, and to damage Northern morale in
anticipation of the November elections. He undertook the risky
maneuver of splitting his army so that he could continue north
into Maryland while simultaneously capturing the Federal garrison
and arsenal at Harpers Ferry, the site of John Brown's failed
insurrection which sparked a long fuse of towards the outbreak of
The Civil War. McClellan accidentally found a copy of Lee's orders
to his subordinate commanders, and used it in a plan to isolate
and defeat the separated portions of Lee's army. While Confederate
Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson surrounded, bombarded, and captured
Harpers Ferry (September 12-15), McClellan's army of 102,000 men
attempted to move quickly through the South Mountain passes that
separated him from Lee. The Battle of South Mountain on September
14 delayed McClellan's advance and allowed Lee sufficient time to
concentrate most of his army at Sharpsburg. The Battle Of Antietam
was fought three days later. Lee, outnumbered two to one, moved
his defensive forces to parry each offensive blow, but McClellan
never deployed all of the reserves of his army to capitalize on
localized successes and destroy the Confederates. On September 18,
Lee ordered a withdrawal across the Potomac river, and on
September 19-20, fighting by Lee's rear guard at Shepherdstown
ended The Maryland Campaign. Although Antietam was a tactical
draw, it strategic defeat of Lee's Maryland Campaign. President
Abraham Lincoln used this Union victory as the justification for
announcing his Emancipation Proclamation, which effectively ended
any threat of European support for the Confederacy. On Sale Until
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1905: The Russo-Japanese War
(Russian: Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna, "The Russian-Japanese
War"; Japanese: Nichiro Senso, "The Japanese-Russian
War"): The Treaty Of Portsmouth (The Conclusion Of The
Russo-Japanese War, Signed At Portsmouth, New Hampshire): -- The
formal end of the Russo-Japanese War occurs when The Treaty Of
Portsmouth, mediated by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, is
signed by Russia, Japan and the United States at the Portsmouth
Naval Shipyard in Portsmouth, New Hampshire (modern Kittery,
Maine) after negotiations lasting from August 6 to August 30. U.S.
President Theodore Roosevelt was instrumental in the negotiations
and won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. The Russo-Japanese
War (Russian: Russko-Japonskaja Vojna; Japanese: Nichirosenso;
1904-05) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire Of
Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. The
major theatres of operations were the Liaodong Peninsula and
Mukden in Southern Manchuria and the seas around Korea, Japan and
the Yellow Sea. Russia sought a warm-water port on the Pacific
Ocean for its navy and for maritime trade. Vladivostok was
operational only during the summer, whereas Port Arthur, a naval
base in Liaodong Province leased to Russia by China, was
operational all year. Since the end of the First Sino-Japanese War
in 1895, Japan feared Russian encroachment on its plans to create
a sphere of influence in Korea and Manchuria. Russia had
demonstrated an expansionist policy in the Siberian Far East from
the reign of Ivan The Terrible in the 16th century. Seeing Russia
as a rival, Japan offered to recognize Russian dominance in
Manchuria in exchange for recognition of Korea as being within the
Japanese sphere of influence. Russia refused and demanded Korea
north of the 39th parallel to be a neutral buffer zone between
Russia and Japan. The Japanese government perceived a Russian
threat to its plans for expansion into Asia and chose to go to
war. After negotiations broke down in 1904, the Japanese Navy
opened hostilities by attacking the Russian Eastern Fleet at Port
Arthur, China, in a surprise attack. Russia suffered multiple
defeats by Japan, but Tsar Nicholas II was convinced that Russia
would win and chose to remain engaged in the war; at first, to
await the outcomes of certain naval battles, and later to preserve
the dignity of Russia by averting a "humiliating peace".
Russia ignored Japan's willingness early on to agree to an
armistice and rejected the idea to bring the dispute to the
Arbitration Court at The Hague. The war concluded with the Treaty
of Portsmouth, mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt. The
complete victory of the Japanese military surprised world
observers. The consequences transformed the balance of power in
East Asia, resulting in a reassessment of Japan's recent entry
onto the world stage. It was the first major military victory in
the modern era of an Asian power over a European one. Scholars
continue to debate the historical significance of the war. On Sale
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1914: The European Civil
War: World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of
World War I): The Western Front Of World War I: Battles Of The
Marne: The First Battle Of The Marne (French: Premiere Bataille De
La Marne) (The Miracle Of The Marne [French: Le Miracle De La
Marne]): -- In a critical turning point in the First World War and
one of the most important single events in the entire war, the
first major clash on the Western Front begins as the French Sixth
Army stumbles into the forward guard of the German First Army in
the mid-afternoon northeast of Paris, where the French attack and
defeat German forces who are advancing on the capital, beginning
The First Battle Of The Marne. The main battle was fought between
September 6-10, 1914, but combat had actually begun on September
5. The battle resulted in an Allied victory against the German
armies in the west, and was the culmination of the German advance
into France and the pursuit of the retreating Allied armies which
followed The Battle Of The Frontiers in August and had reached the
eastern outskirts of Paris. A counter-attack by six French armies
and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) along the Marne River
forced the Imperial German Army to retreat northwest, leading to
the First Battle Of The Aisne and the Race to the Sea. The battle
was a victory for the Allied Powers but led to four years of
trench warfare stalemate on the Western Front. By the end of
August 1914, the whole Allied army on the Western Front had been
forced into a general retreat back towards Paris. Meanwhile, the
two main German armies continued through France. It seemed that
Paris would be taken as both the French and the British fell back
towards the Marne River. The war became a stalemate when the
Allied Powers won the Battle Of The Marne. The German retreat left
the Schlieffen Plan in ruins and Germany had no hope of a quick
victory in France. Its army was left to fight a long war on two
fronts. Field Marshall Sir John French, commander of the British
Expeditionary Force (BEF), began to plan for a full British
retreat to port cities on the English Channel for an immediate
evacuation. The military governor of Paris, Joseph Simon Gallieni,
wanted to organise the French and British armies to counter the
weight of the German army's advance. After consulting Lord
Kitchener about the use of British forces, Gallieni secured the
overall command of the BEF, thus stopping Sir John's planned
withdrawal. Gallieni's plan was simple. All Allied units would
counter-attack the Germans along the Marne River, thus halting the
German advance. As this was going on, Allied reserves would be
thrown in to restore the ranks and attack the German flanks. In
the mid afternoon of September 5, battle commenced when the French
Sixth Army stumbled into the forward guard of the German First
Army. By September 9, it looked as though the German First and
Second Armies would be totally encircled and destroyed. General
Von Moltke suffered a nervous breakdown upon hearing of the danger
to his two armies. His subordinates took over and ordered a
general retreat to the Aisne River in order to regroup. The
retreating armies were pursued by the French and British, although
the pace of the Allied advance was slow - a mere 19 km (12 miles)
in one day. The German armies ceased their retreat after 65 km (40
miles) at a point north of the Aisne River, where they dug in,
preparing trenches that were to last for several years. The German
retreat of September 9-13 marked the abandonment of the Schlieffen
Plan; Moltke is said to have reported to the Kaiser: "Your
Majesty, we have lost the war." In the aftermath of the
battle, both sides dug in and four years of stalemate ensued. On
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1918: The Aftermath Of World
War I: 20th Century Revolutions: The Revolutions Of 1917-1923: The
Russian Revolution: The Russian Civil War: The Red Terror
(Russian: Krasnyy Terror): "On Red Terror":-- The Cheka,
the Bolshevik secret police, first publish the Bolshevik Central
Committee's decree "On Red Terror", prescribing "mass
shooting" to be "inflicted without hesitation". The
decree ordered the Cheka "to secure the Soviet Republic from
the class enemies by isolating them in concentration camps",
as well as stating that counter-revolutionaries "must be
executed by shooting [and] that the names of the executed and the
reasons of the execution must be made public." The Red Terror
(Russian: Krasnyj Terror) is considered to have officially begun
between August 17-30, 1918 as retribution for the assassination
attempts on Vladimir Lenin and on Petrograd Cheka leader Moisei
Uritsky, the latter of which was successful. The Red Terror was
modeled on The Reign Of Terror of the French Revolution, and
sought to eliminate political dissent, opposition, and any other
threat to Bolshevik power through a campaign of political
repression and executions carried out chiefly by the Cheka. More
broadly, the term Red Terror is usually applied to Bolshevik
political repression throughout the Civil War (1917-1922), and is
used to distinguish it from the White Terror carried out by the
Russian White Army (Russian and non-Russian groups opposed to
Bolshevik rule) against their political enemies, including the
Bolsheviks. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Terror: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict DVD MP4 Video Download
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1972: The Olympic Games (The
Olympics): The 1972 Summer Olympics: (German: Olympische
Sommerspiele 1972)) (The Games Of The XX Olympiad (German: Spiele
Der XX. Olympiade), Munich 1972): The Arab-Israeli Conflict: The
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Terrorist Attacks Attributed To
Palestinian Militant Groups: The Black September Organization
(BSO) (Arabic: Munazzamat Aylul Al-Aswad): The Munich Massacre: --
Eight members of the Palestinian terrorist group "Black
September" attack and takes hostage 11 Israeli athletes at
the Munich Olympic Games. Two die in the attack and nine are
murdered the following day along with a West German police
officer. Black September called the operation "Iqrit and
Biram", after two Palestinian Christian villages whose
inhabitants were expelled by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF)
during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The Black September commander
was Luttif Afif, who was also the negotiator. West German
neo-Nazis gave the group logistical assistance. Shortly after the
hostages were taken, Afif demanded the release of 234 Palestinian
prisoners in Israel jails and the West German-held founders of the
Red Army Faction, Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof. Five of the
eight Black September members were killed during a failed attempt
to rescue the hostages. The list of fatalities are: 1) Shot during
the initial break-in: Moshe Weinberg, wrestling coach; Yossef
Romano, weightlifter; 2) Shot and killed by grenade in
eastern-side helicopter D-HAQO: According to the order in which
they were seated, from left to right: Ze'ev Friedman,
Polish-Israeli weightlifter (b. 1944); David Mark Berger,
American-Israeli weightlifter (survived grenade but died of smoke
inhalation) (b. 1944); Yakov Springer (b. 1921), Polish-Israeli
wrestler, weightlifting coach and weightlifting judge; Eliezer
Halfin, Russian-Israeli wrestler (b. 1948); 3) Shot in
western-side helicopter D-HAQU: According to the order in which
they were seated, from left to right: Yossef Israeli Gutfreund,
wrestling referee (b. 1931); Kehat Shorr, Romanian shooting coach
(b. 1919); Mark Slavin, Israeli wrestler (b. 1954); Andre Spitzer,
Romanian-Israeli fencer and fencing coach (b. 1945); Amitzur
Shapira, Russian-Israeli runner and track coach (b. 1932); 4) Shot
in control tower during gunfight: Anton Fliegerbauer, West German
police officer; and 4) Palestinian terrorists shot dead by West
German police: Luttif Afif ("Issa") (b. 1945); Yusuf
Nazzal ("Tony"); Afif Ahmed Hamid ("Paolo");
Khalid Jawad ("Salah"); Ahmed Chic Thaa ("Abu
Halla"). The three surviving perpetrators were Adnan
Al-Gashey, Jamal Al-Gashey, and Mohammed Safady, who were
arrested. However, following the hijacking eight weeks later by
Black September sympathizers of Lufthansa Flight 615 on October
29, an act of terrorism aimed at the liberation of the three
surviving perpetrators, the West German government released them
in a hostage exchange. The Israeli government launched Operation
Wrath of God, which authorized Mossad to track down and kill those
involved in the Munich massacre. Two days prior to the start of
the 2016 Summer Olympics, in a ceremony led by Brazilian and
Israeli officials, the International Olympic Committee honored the
eleven Israelis that were killed at Munich. On Sale Until Midnight
Tonight PT!
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Today's
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1977: Rocket Launches: The
History Of Rocketry: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of
World War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Race: The
Discovery And Exploration Of The Solar System: Space Probes:
Interplanetary Space Probes: The United States Space Program: The
Voyager Program: Voyager 1: -- NASA launches the Voyager 1
spacecraft atop a Titan IIIE/Titan III-Centaur launch vehicle from
the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41
(SLC-41) at 12:56:00 UTC as part of The Grand Tour Program to
flyby the outer solar system planets of Jupiter and Saturn as well
as Saturn's moon, Titan. While the spacecraft's course could have
been altered to include a Pluto encounter by forgoing the Titan
flyby, exploration of the moon, which was known to have a
substantial atmosphere, took priority. It studied the weather,
magnetic fields and rings of the two planets and was the first
probe to provide detailed images of their moons. After completing
its primary mission with the flyby of Saturn on November 20, 1980,
Voyager 1 became the third of five artificial objects to achieve
the escape velocity that will allow them to leave the Solar
System. It is pursuing an extended mission to explore the regions
and boundaries of the outer heliosphere. On August 25, 2012,
Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause to become the first spacecraft to
enter interstellar space and study the interstellar medium. It is
the farthest spacecraft from Earth as well as the farthest
man-made object. It is also the most distant object in the solar
system whose location is known. Having operated for 41 years as of
September 5, 2018, the spacecraft still communicates with the Deep
Space Network to receive routine commands and return data. Voyager
1's extended mission is expected to continue until around 2025
when its radioisotope thermoelectric generators will no longer
supply enough electric power to operate its scientific
instruments. The Grand Tour was a NASA program that would have
sent two groups of robotic probes to all the planets of the outer
Solar System. It called for four spacecraft, two of which would
visit Jupiter, Saturn, and Pluto, while the other two would visit
Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune. The enormous cost of the project,
around 1 billion USD, led to its cancellation and replacement with
Mariner Jupiter-Saturn, which became the Voyager program. On Sale
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1946: #BOTD: #HBD! Freddie
Mercury, Tanzanian-English singer, songwriter, and producer, lead
vocalist, pianist and frontman of the English rock band Queen,
regarded as one of the greatest singers in the history of rock
music, known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave
vocal range (d. November 24, 1991) is #born Farrokh Bulsara in
Stone Town in the British protectorate of Zanzibar (now part of
Tanzania). His parents, Bomi and Jer Bulsara, were from the Parsi
community of western India. The Bulsaras had origins in the city
of Bulsar (now Valsad) in Gujarat. He had a younger sister,
Kashmira (b. 1952). Mercury attended British boarding schools in
India from the age of eight and returned to Zanzibar after
secondary school. In 1964, his family fled the Zanzibar
Revolution, moving to Middlesex, England. Having previously
studied and written music, he formed Queen in 1970 with guitarist
Brian May and drummer Roger Taylor. Mercury wrote numerous hits
for Queen, including "Killer Queen", "Bohemian
Rhapsody", "Somebody to Love", "We Are the
Champions", "Don't Stop Me Now" and "Crazy
Little Thing Called Love". His charismatic stage performances
often saw him interact with the audience, as displayed at the 1985
Live Aid concert. He also led a solo career and was a producer and
guest musician for other artists. Mercury defied the conventions
of a rock frontman with his theatrical style, influencing the
artistic direction of Queen and the course of rock music
thereafter. Mercury was diagnosed with AIDS in 1987. He continued
to record with Queen, and was posthumously featured on their final
album, Made in Heaven (1995). In 1991, the day after publicly
announcing his diagnosis, he died from complications of the
disease at the age of 45. In 1992, a concert in tribute to him was
held at Wembley Stadium, in benefit of AIDS awareness. As a member
of Queen, Mercury was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll
Hall of Fame in 2001, the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003, and
the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2004. In 1990, he and the other Queen
members received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to
British Music. One year after his death, Mercury received the same
award individually. In 2005, Queen were awarded an Ivor Novello
Award for Outstanding Song Collection from the British Academy of
Songwriters, Composers, and Authors. In 2002, Mercury was voted
number 58 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. Freddie
Mercury died in the evening in his Kensington, West London,
England home at the age of 45 of bronchial pneumonia resulting
from AIDS, after having kept the state of his health a strict
secret from all but a few people and his bandmates for years. Two
days prior, on November 22, 1991, Mercury called Queen's manager
Jim Beach to his Kensington home to prepare a public statement,
which was released the following day, about 24 hours before his
death: "Following the enormous conjecture in the press over
the last two weeks, I wish to confirm that I have been tested HIV
positive and have AIDS. I felt it correct to keep this information
private to date to protect the privacy of those around me.
However, the time has come now for my friends and fans around the
world to know the truth and I hope that everyone will join with
me, my doctors and all those worldwide in the fight against this
terrible disease. My privacy has always been very special to me
and I am famous for my lack of interviews. Please understand this
policy will continue." His close friend Dave Clark of the
Dave Clark Five was at the bedside vigil when Mercury died.
Mercury's first partner and close confidante Mary Austin phoned
Mercury's parents and sister to break the news, which reached
newspaper and television crews in the early hours of November 25.
The outer walls of Mercury's final home, Garden Lodge, Logan
Place, west London, became a shrine to the late singer. Mercury's
funeral service was conducted on November 27, 1991 by a
Zoroastrian priest at West London Crematorium, where he is
commemorated by a plinth (pedestal) under his birth name, Farrokh
Bulsara. In attendance at Mercury's service were his family and 35
of his close friends, including Elton John and the members of
Queen. His coffin was carried into the chapel to the sounds of
"Take My Hand, Precious Lord"/"You've Got a Friend"
by Aretha Franklin. In accordance with Mercury's wishes, Mary
Austin took possession of his cremated remains and buried them in
an undisclosed location. The whereabouts of his ashes are believed
to be known only to Austin, who has said that she will never
reveal them. However, they are traditionally held by Queen fans to
be at Kensal Green Cemetery in the Kensal Green area of North
Kensington, where the plinth marks the supposed burial location.
Mercury spent and donated to charity much of his wealth during his
lifetime, with his estate valued around _8 million at the time of
his death. He bequeathed his home, Garden Lodge, and the adjoining
Mews, as well as 50% of all privately owned shares, to Mary
Austin. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1942: World War II: The
Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Asiatic-Pacific Theater,
The Pacific Theater Of World War II): The Pacific Ocean Theater Of
World War II: The South West Pacific Area (SWPA): Operation
Cartwheel: The Battle Of Milne Bay (Japanese: Operation RE, The
Battle Of Rabi) (August 25 - September 7, 1942): -- The first
major Japanese defeat in land warfare during the Pacific War
occurs when the Japanese high command orders withdrawal from Milne
Bay on the eastern tip of New Guinea, which Japanese naval troops
known as Kaigun Tokubetsu Rikusentai (Special Naval Landing
Forces), along with two small tanks, failed in their attacks on
the Allied airfields that had been established there. Japanese
intelligence had calculated the size of the predominantly
Australian garrison there and, believing that the airfields were
only defended by two or three companies, initially landed a force
roughly equivalent in size to one battalion on August 25, 1942.
The Allies, however, forewarned by the intelligence provided by
their Project Ultra depcrypts of Japanese communications, reacted
by heavily reinforcing the garrison before the unsuspecting
Japanese attacked there. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1969: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: The Cold War In Asia: The Indochina Wars:
The Vietnam War (The Second Indochina War, The Vietnam Conflict,
The Resistance War Against America): The United States In The
Vietnam War: War Crimes: War Crimes Of The Vietnam War: The My Lai
Massacre (The Pinkville Massacre, The Massacre At Songmy, Son My
Massacre): -- U.S. Army Lieutenant William Calley is charged with
six specifications of premeditated murder for the death of 109
Vietnamese civilians in the My Lai Massacre on March 16, 1968,
during the Vietnam War. He was ultimately convicted by
court-martial of murdering 22 unarmed South Vietnamese civilians
during the massacre. William Calley was born on June 8, 1943. On
November 12, 1969, Independent investigative journalist Seymour
Hersh broke the story of the My Lai Massacre, for which he
received the 1970 Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting. A
year and five days later, on November 17, 1970, Calley went on
trial for the massacre. On March 29, 1971, Calley was convicted of
premeditated murder and sentenced to life in prison; however, his
sentence was later commuted to house arrest by President Richard
Nixon, pending appeal. While not technically exonerated, after
three and a half years of house arrest, Calley was released
pursuant to a ruling by federal judge J. Robert Elliott who found
that Calley's trial had been prejudiced by pre-trial publicity,
denial of subpoenas of certain defense witnesses, refusal of the
United States House Of Representatives to release testimony taken
in executive session of its My Lai investigation, and inadequate
notice of the charges. His initial conviction faced widespread
public opposition both due to the campaign circumstances of
civilian embedded Viet Cong, and due to Calley being singled out
as the sole officer convicted with respect to the massacre. The My
Lai Massacre was the Vietnam War mass killing of between 347 and
504 unarmed Vietnamese civilians in South Vietnam on March 16,
1968. It was committed by U.S. Army soldiers from Company C, 1st
Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 11th Brigade, 23rd (Americal)
Infantry Division. Victims included men, women, children, and
infants. Some of the women were gang-raped and their bodies
mutilated. Twenty-six soldiers were charged with criminal
offenses, but only Lieutenant William Calley Jr., a platoon leader
in C Company, was convicted. Found guilty of killing 22 villagers,
he was originally given a life sentence, but served only three and
a half years under house arrest. The massacre, which was later
called "the most shocking episode of the Vietnam War",
took place in two hamlets of Son My village in Quang Ngai
Province. These hamlets were marked on the U.S. Army topographic
maps as My Lai and My Khe. The U.S. Army slang name for the
hamlets and sub-hamlets in that area was Pinkville, and the
carnage was initially referred to as the Pinkville Massacre. On
November 12, 1969, independent investigative journalist Seymour
Hersh broke the story of the My Lai Massacre, for which he
received the 1970 Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting.
Later, when the U.S. Army started its investigation, the media
changed it to the Massacre at Songmy. Currently, the event is
referred to as the My Lai Massacre in the United States and called
the Son My Massacre in Vietnam. The incident prompted global
outrage when it became public knowledge as a result of Hersh'
story. The My Lai massacre increased domestic opposition to the
U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War when the scope of killing and
cover-up attempts were exposed. Initially, three U.S. servicemen
who had tried to halt the massacre and rescue the hiding civilians
were shunned, and even denounced as traitors by several U.S.
Congressmen, including Mendel Rivers, Chairman of the House Armed
Services Committee. Only after thirty years were they recognized
and decorated, one posthumously, by the U.S. Army for shielding
non-combatants from harm in a war zone. Along with the No Gun Ri
massacre in Korea eighteen years earlier, My Lai was one of the
largest single massacres of civilians by U.S. forces in the 20th
century. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1954: Aviation: The History
Of Aviation: The History Of Civil Aviation: Aviation Incidents And
Accidents: KLM Flight 633: -- A passenger flight from Amsterdam to
New York City crashes into the River Shannon immediately after
takeoff from Shannon Airport in Shannon, County Clare, Ireland,
killing 28. An unexpected re-extension of the landing gear,
possibly compounded by pilot error caused the Lockheed Super
Constellation Triton airline to ditch on a mudbank in the River
Shannon. Incredibly, even though the crash occurred less than one
minute after the plane took off from Shannon Airport, airport
authorities remained unaware of the disaster until the mud-caked
third pilot (navigator) of the craft, Johan Tieman, stumbled into
the airport and reported, "We've crashed!" That was 2
1/2 hours after the plane fell. Mr. Tieman had swum ashore and
floundered painfully across the marshes to the airport, whose
lights were clearly visible from the scene of the crash. It was
not until 7 o'clock in the morning - 4 1/2 hours after the crash -
that the first launch reached the survivors, who were huddled on a
muddy flat in the river. The aircraft was partially submerged, and
at least one of the fuel tanks had ruptured during the crash. The
fuel fumes rendered many passengers and crew unconscious, who then
drowned in the rising tide. In the end, three crew-members (all
the cabin crew) and 25 passengers perished. The plane was piloted
by Adriaan Viruly, one of the airline's most senior pilots. After
a refuelling stop at Shannon, the plane took off for the
transatlantic leg of the flight at about 02:40. There were 46
passengers and ten crew on board. Shortly after takeoff, the pilot
reduced power from maximum to METO (Maximum Except Take Off). The
pilot was unaware that the landing gear was not retracted, and as
result the aircraft descended to touch down in the Shannon
estuary. It turned around on impact and broke into two sections.
The official investigation concluded that the accident was caused
by an unexpected re-extension of the landing gear and the
captain's incorrect behaviour in this situation. Viruly, who had
been only one year from retirement, rejected the responsibility
for the crash and was bitter about his subsequent treatment by
KLM. In an interview he later stated that there simply had not
been enough time to react. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
We Remember: The Space Shuttle Pioneers 1981-1986 DVD, Download,
USB
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1984: Maiden Flights: The
History Of Rocketry: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of
World War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Race: Space
Programs Of The United States: Human Spaceflight Programs: The
Space Shuttle Program (The Space Transportation System (STS)):
STS-41-D: -- Space Shuttle Discovery lands at Edwards Air Force
Base Runway 17 at 13:37:54 UTC after successfully completing its
first flight. On August 30, 1984: Space Shuttle Mission STS-41-D
began as Space Shuttle Discovery was launched at 12:41:50 UTC from
Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 crewed by Henry W.
Hartsfield, Jr., Michael L. Coats, Richard M. Mullane, Steven A.
Hawley, Judith A. Resnik and Charles D. Walker. Space Shuttle
Discovery (Orbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-103) is one of the
orbiters from NASA's Space Shuttle program and the third of five
fully operational orbiters to be built. Its first mission,
STS-41-D, flew from August 30 to September 5, 1984. Over 27 years
of service it launched and landed 39 times, gathering more
spaceflights than any other spacecraft to date. Discovery became
the third operational orbiter to enter service, preceded by
Columbia and Challenger. It embarked on its last mission, STS-133,
on February 24, 2011 and touched down for the final time at
Kennedy Space Center on March 9, having spent a cumulative total
of almost a full year in space. Discovery performed both research
and International Space Station (ISS) assembly missions. It also
carried the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit. Discovery was the
first operational shuttle to be retired, followed by Endeavour and
then Atlantis. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
The Yellowstone Fires Of 1988 Documentary DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5-7, 1988: Natural Disasters:
Natural Disasters In The United States: Fires: Conflagrations:
Conflagrations In The United States: Wildfires (Forest Fires,
Bushfires, Brushfires, Wildland Fires, Rural Fires): The
Yellowstone Fires Of 1988: The North Fork Fire: -- Between
September 5 and 7, a dry front pushed flames along the southern
section of The North Fork Fire, the largest fire in Yellowstone
National Parkm towards the large Old Faithful visitor complex
adjacent to the Upper Geyser Basin. All non-emergency personnel
were ordered to be evacuated; however, political issues influenced
National Park Service management directives and the complex was
not completely closed to incoming tourists, with some visitors
still arriving at Old Faithful not long before the intense fire
hit by mid afternoon. An all out aerial bombardment with air
tankers dropping fire retardant failed. Firefighters concentrated
on structure protection, especially those of historical
significance such as the Old Faithful Inn, using fire engines and
portable water pumping systems to keep the roofs and other
surfaces of the structures wet. 1,200 firefighters including 120
military personnel dug fire lines and cleared away brush near
structures. Winds crested up to 80 miles per hour (130 km/h) as
the fire approached from the west. The fires spread to forested
sections near to, but generally away from, major structures, but
19 small structures were destroyed and there was also extensive
damage to an old dormitory. The fire was so intense that vehicles
left near the fire had their wheels melted, windshields shattered
and paint scorched. Though most of the Old Faithful complex had
been spared, the park service decided that for the first time, the
entire park would be closed to non-emergency personnel on
September 8. The Yellowstone Fires Of 1988 collectively formed the
largest wildfire in the recorded history of Yellowstone National
Park in the United States. Starting as many smaller individual
fires, the flames quickly spread out of control due to drought
conditions and increasing winds, combining into one large
conflagration which burned for several months. The fires almost
destroyed two major visitor destinations and, on September 8,
1988, the entire park closed to all non-emergency personnel for
the first time in its history. Only the arrival of cool and moist
weather in the late autumn brought the fires to an end. A total of
793,880 acres (3,213 km2), or 36 percent of the park, was affected
by the wildfires. Thousands of firefighters fought the fires,
assisted by dozens of helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft which
were used for water and fire retardant drops. At the peak of the
effort, more than 9,000 firefighters were assigned to the park.
With fires raging throughout the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and
other areas in the western United States, the staffing levels of
the National Park Service and other land management agencies were
inadequate for the situation; more than 4,000 U.S. military
personnel were soon brought in to assist in wildfire suppression
efforts. The firefighting effort cost 120M USD (260M USD in 2020).
Losses to structures were minimized by concentrating firefighting
efforts near major visitor areas, keeping property damage down to
3M USD (6M USD as of 2020). No firefighters died while fighting
the Yellowstone fires, though there were two fire-related deaths
outside the park. Before the late 1960s, fires were generally
believed to be detrimental for parks and forests, and management
policies were aimed at suppressing fires as quickly as possible.
However, as the beneficial ecological role of fire became better
understood in the decades before 1988, a policy was adopted of
allowing natural fires to burn under controlled conditions, which
proved highly successful in reducing the area lost annually to
wildfires. In contrast, in 1988, Yellowstone was overdue for a
large fire, and, in the exceptionally dry summer, many smaller
"controlled" fires combined. The fires burned
discontinuously, leaping from one patch to another, leaving
intervening areas untouched. Intense fires swept through some
regions, burning everything in their paths. Tens of millions of
trees and countless plants were killed by the wildfires, and some
regions were left looking blackened and dead. However, more than
half of the affected areas were burned by ground fires, which did
less damage to hardier tree species. Not long after the fires
ended, plant and tree species quickly reestablished themselves,
and native plant regeneration has been highly successful. The
Yellowstone Fires Of 1988 were unprecedented in the history of the
National Park Service, and led to many questions about existing
fire management policies. Media accounts of mismanagement were
often sensational and inaccurate, sometimes wrongly reporting or
implying that most of the park was being destroyed. While there
were temporary declines in air quality during the fires, no
adverse long-term health effects have been recorded in the
ecosystem and, contrary to initial reports, few large mammals were
killed by the fires, though there was a subsequent reduction in
the number of moose which has yet to rebound. On Sale Until
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1698: The Monarchy Of Russia
(The Russian Monarchy): Tsar Peter I (Peter The Great): Beard
Taxes: The Russian Beard Tax: -- In an effort to Westernize his
nobility, Tsar Peter I Of Russia (Peter The Great) imposes a tax
on beards for all men except the clergy and peasantry. During his
reign as Tsar of All Rus' (May 7, 1682 - November 2, 1721), Peter
implemented sweeping reforms aimed at modernizing Russia. Heavily
influenced by his advisors from Western Europe, Peter reorganized
the Russian army along modern lines and dreamed of making Russia a
maritime power. He faced much opposition to these policies at home
but brutally suppressed rebellions against his authority,
including by the Streltsy, Bashkirs, Astrakhan, and the greatest
civil uprising of his reign, the Bulavin Rebellion. Peter
implemented social modernization in an absolute manner by
introducing French and western dress to his court and requiring
courtiers, state officials, and the military to shave their beards
and adopt modern clothing styles. One means of achieving this end
was the introduction of taxes for long beards and robes. On Sale
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Napoleon Bonaparte Documentaries Collection MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1798: The Age Of
Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of
Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The French Revolution: The
French Revolutionary And Napoleonic Wars (The Great French War)
(The French Revolutionary Wars, The Napoleonic Wars): The Jourdan
Law (The Levee En Masse [French: 'Mass Levy"]): --
Conscription is made mandatory, effectively institutionalising
compulsory enlistment in the army during Revolutionary France,
begnning with the Levee En Masse, or, in English, "mass
levy", a policy of mass national conscription, often in the
face of invasion, particularly for the period following August 16,
1793, when able-bodied men aged 18 to 25 were conscripted. The
Jourdan Law stipulated that all single and childless men between
the ages of 20 and 25 were liable for military service. Exemptions
existed however for the clergy, industrial workers essential for
the war effort, students from selected Grandes Ecoles (higher
education establishments), and public office holders. The law
discriminated against the poor and large peasant population
through the legally sanctioned practice of 'replacement', which
allowed anyone who was able, to purchase someone to enlist in
their place. It was named for the French General Jean-Baptiste
Jourdan, one of the most successful commanders of the French
Revolutionary Army who served during the French Revolutionary Wars
and the Napoleonic Wars. Both the Levee En Masse and the Jourdan
Law formed an integral part of the creation of french national
identity among the citizens, making these drafts distinct from
forms of conscription which had existed before this date. On Sale
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Pirates 12 Part Documentary Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1651: #Baptisms: William
Dampier, English explorer, pirate, privateer, navigator, and
naturalist who became the first Englishman to explore parts of
what is today Australia, and the first person to circumnavigate
the world three times (d. March 1715) is #baptized, but his
precise date of birth is not recorded. William Dampier was born at
Hymerford House in East Coker, a village and civil parish in the
South Somerset district of Somerset, England. William Dampier has
also been described as Australia's first natural historian, as
well as one of the most important British explorers of the period
between Sir Francis Drake (16th century) and Captain James Cook
(18th century), bridging those two eras with a mix of piratical
derring-do of the former and scientific inquiry of the latter. His
expeditions were among the first to identify and name a number of
plants, animals, foods, and cooking techniques for a European
audience, being among the first English writers to use words such
as avocado, barbecue, and chopsticks. In describing the
preparation of avocados, he was the first European to describe the
making of guacamole, named the breadfruit plant, and made frequent
documentation of the taste of numerous foods foreign to the
European palate such as flamingo and manatee. After impressing the
British Admiralty with his book A New Voyage Round The World,
Dampier was given command of a Royal Navy ship and made important
discoveries in western Australia, before being court-martialed for
cruelty. On a later voyage he rescued Alexander Selkirk, a former
crewmate who may have inspired Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe.
Others influenced by Dampier include George Anson, James Cook,
Horatio Nelson, Charles Darwin, and Alfred Russel Wallace. William
Dampier died in the Parish of St Stephen Coleman Street, London,
aged 63. The exact date and circumstances of his death, and his
final resting place, are all unknown. His will was proven on March
23, 1715, and it is generally assumed he died earlier that month,
but this is not known with any certainty. His estate was almost
2,000 PS in debt. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1791: #BOTD: #HBD! Giacomo
Meyerbeer, German pianist and opera composer of Jewish birth, the
most often performed opera composer of the nineteenth century,
linking the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Richard Wagner
(d. May 2, 1864) is #born Jacob Liebmann Beer in Tasdorf (now a
part of Rudersdorf), near Berlin, then the capital of Prussia, to
a very wealthy Jewish family. With his 1831 opera Robert le diable
and its successors, he gave the genre of grand opera 'decisive
character'. Meyerbeer's grand opera style was achieved by his
merging of German orchestra style with Italian vocal tradition.
These were employed in the context of sensational and melodramatic
libretti created by Eugene Scribe and were enhanced by the
up-to-date theatre technology of the Paris Opera. They set a
standard which helped to maintain Paris as the opera capital of
the nineteenth century. Born to a very wealthy Berlin family,
Meyerbeer began his musical career as a pianist but soon decided
to devote himself to opera, spending several years in Italy
studying and composing. His 1824 opera Il crociato in Egitto was
the first to bring him Europe-wide reputation, but it was Robert
le diable (1831) which raised his status to great celebrity. His
public career, lasting from then until his death, during which he
remained a dominating figure in the world of opera, was summarized
by his contemporary Hector Berlioz, who claimed that he 'has not
only the luck to be talented, but the talent to be lucky.' He was
at his peak with his operas Les Huguenots (1836) and Le prophete
(1849); his last opera (L'Africaine) was performed posthumously.
His operas made him the most frequently performed composer at the
world's leading opera houses in the nineteenth century. At the
same time as his successes in Paris, Meyerbeer, as a Prussian
Court Kapellmeister (Director of Music) from 1832, and from 1843
as Prussian General Music Director, was also influential in opera
in Berlin and throughout Germany. He was an early supporter of
Richard Wagner, enabling the first production of the latter's
opera Rienzi. He was commissioned to write the patriotic opera Ein
Feldlager in Schlesien to celebrate the reopening of the Berlin
Royal Opera House in 1844, and he wrote music for certain Prussian
state occasions. Apart from around 50 songs, Meyerbeer wrote
little except for the stage. The critical assaults of Wagner and
his supporters, especially after Meyerbeer's death, led to a
decline in the popularity of his works; his operas were suppressed
by the Nazi regime in Germany, and were neglected by opera houses
through most of the twentieth century. In the 21st century,
however, the composer's major French grand operas have begun to
reappear in the repertory of numerous European opera houses.
Meyerbeer died of unspecified causes in Paris, aged 72. Rossini,
who had not heard the news, came to his apartment the next day
intending to meet him, was shocked and fainted; he was moved to
write on the spot a choral tribute (Pleure, pleure, muse
sublime!). A special train bore Meyerbeer's body from the Gare du
Nord to Berlin, Germany on May 6, where he was buried in the
family vault at the Jewish cemetery in Schonhauser Allee,
Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin. ========= September 5, 1840: Aesthetics:
Performing Arts: Premieres: Theatre Premieres: Musical Premieres:
Opera Premieres: -- Giuseppe Verdi's opera Un Giorno Di Regno
(Italian: "A Song In The Rain") premieres at the Teatro
alla Scala (La Scala Theatre) of Milan, Italy. Un Giorno Di Regno,
ossia Il finto Stanislao (A One-Day Reign, or The Pretend
Stanislaus, but often translated into English as King for a Day)
is an operatic melodramma giocoso in two acts by Giuseppe Verdi to
an Italian libretto written in 1818 by Felice Romani. Originally
written for the Bohemian composer Adalbert Gyrowetz the libretto
was based on the play Le faux Stanislas written by the Frenchman
Alexandre-Vincent Pineux Duval in 1808. After the success of his
first opera, Oberto in 1839, Verdi received a commission from La
Scala impresario Merelli to write three more operas. Un giorno was
first of the three, but he wrote the piece during a period when
first his children and then his wife died and its failure in 1840
caused the young composer to almost abandon opera. It was not
until he was enticed to write the music for the existing libretto
of what became Nabucco that Verdi restarted his career. On Sale
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EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1877: #DOTD: #RIP: The
American Indian Wars (American Frontier Wars, The Indian Wars):
Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse (b. c. 1840) #dies when he is
bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement
in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska. He is buried in an
undisclosed location at Fort Robinson Cemetery in Crawford,
Nebraska. Crazy Horse (Lakota: literally "His-Horse-Is-Crazy")
was born near Rapid Creek, Black Hills in what is now South
Dakota. He took up arms against the United States federal
government to fight against encroachment by white American
settlers on Indian territory and to preserve the traditional way
of life of the Lakota people. His participation in several famous
battles of the American Indian Wars on the northern Great Plains,
among them the Fetterman massacre in 1866, in which he acted as a
decoy, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, in which he
led a war party to victory, earned him great respect from both his
enemies and his own people. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1847: #BOTD: Jesse James,
American outlaw, bank and train robber, guerrilla, and leader of
the James-Younger Gang (d. April 3, 1882) is #born Jesse Woodson
James in Centerville, Missouri. Jesse Woodson James was raised in
the "Little Dixie" area of western Missouri, where James
and his family maintained strong Southern sympathies. He and his
brother Frank James joined pro-Confederate guerrillas known as
"bushwhackers" operating in Missouri and Kansas during
the American Civil War. As guerrilla followers of the
pro-Confederate irregular forces of William Quantrill and "Bloody
Bill" Anderson, they were accused of participating in
atrocities against Union soldiers and civilian abolitionists that
the James brothers were known to have been present at, including
the Centralia Massacre, an incident in which twenty-four unarmed
Union soldiers were captured and executed in Centralia, Missouri
on September 27, 1864, led by guerrilla leader William T.
Anderson. After the war, as members of various gangs of outlaws,
Jesse and Frank robbed banks, stagecoaches, and trains across the
Midwest, gaining national fame and often popular sympathy despite
the brutality of their crimes. The James brothers were most active
as members of their own gang from about 1866 until 1876, when as a
result of their attempted robbery of a bank in Northfield,
Minnesota, several members of the gang were captured or killed.
They continued in crime for several years afterward, recruiting
new members, but came under increasing pressure from law
enforcement seeking to bring them to justice. Jesse James died
when he was shot and killed aged 34 by Robert Ford, a new recruit
to the gang who hoped to collect a reward on James' head. Already
a celebrity in life, James became a legendary figure of the Wild
West after his death. He is buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery in
Kearney, Missouri. Despite popular portrayals of James as an
embodiment of Robin Hood, robbing from the rich and giving to the
poor, there is no evidence that he and his gang shared any loot
from their robberies. Scholars and historians have characterized
James as one of many criminals inspired by the regional
insurgencies of ex-Confederates following the Civil War, rather
than as a manifestation of alleged economic justice or of frontier
lawlessness. James continues to be one of the most iconic figures
from the era, and his life has been dramatized and memorialized
numerous times. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1960: The Olympic Games (The
Olympics): The 1960 Summer Olympics: (Italian: Giochi Olimpici
Estivi Del 1960) (The Games Of The XI Olympiad [Italian: Giochi
Della XVII Olimpiade], Rome 1960): Boxing At The 1960 Summer
Olympics: Light Heavyweight Boxing: Light Heavyweight Boxing At
The 1960 Summer Olympics: -- Muhammad Ali (then known as Cassius
Clay) wins the gold medal in the light heavyweight boxing
competition at the Olympic Games in Rome. Muhammad Ali, African
American professional boxer and activist, widely regarded as one
of the most significant and celebrated sports figures of the 20th
century (January 17, 1942 - June 3, 2016) was born Cassius
Marcellus Clay Jr. in Louisville, Kentucky. From early in his
career, Ali was known as an inspiring, controversial, and
polarizing figure both inside and outside the ring. He was #Born
and raised in Louisville, Kentucky, and began training as an
amateur boxer when he was 12 years old. At age 18, he won a gold
medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer
Olympics in Rome and turned professional later that year. At age
22 in 1964, he won the WBA, WBC, and lineal heavyweight titles
from Sonny Liston in a major upset. Clay then converted to Islam
and changed his name from Cassius Clay, which he called his "slave
name", to Muhammad Ali. He set an example of racial pride for
African Americans and resistance to white domination during the
Civil Rights Movement. In 1966, two years after winning the
heavyweight title, Ali further antagonized the white establishment
by refusing to be drafted into the U.S. military, citing his
religious beliefs and opposition to American involvement in the
Vietnam War. He was eventually arrested, found guilty of draft
evasion charges, and stripped of his boxing titles. He
successfully appealed the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court,
which overturned his conviction in 1971, by which time he had not
fought for nearly four years and thereby lost a period of peak
performance as an athlete. Ali' actions as a conscientious
objector to the war made him an icon for the larger counterculture
generation. Ali is regarded as one of the leading heavyweight
boxers of the 20th century, and remains the only three-time lineal
heavyweight champion. During 1964, Ali reigned as the undisputed
heavyweight champion. His record of the most wins in heavyweight
title bouts in modern boxing history at 22 was unbeaten for more
than 35 years. Ali is the only boxer to be named The Ring magazine
Fighter of the Year six times. He was also ranked as the greatest
athlete of the 20th century by Sports Illustrated, the Sports
Personality of the Century by the BBC, and the third greatest
athlete of the 20th century by ESPN SportsCentury. Nicknamed "the
Greatest", he was involved in several historic boxing
matches. Notable among these were the first Liston fight; the
"Fight of the Century", "Super Fight II" and
the "Thrilla In Manila" against his rival Joe Frazier;
and "The Rumble in the Jungle" against George Foreman.
At a time when most fighters let their managers do the talking,
Ali thrived in and indeed craved the spotlight, where he was often
provocative and outlandish. He was known for trash talking, and
often freestyled with rhyme schemes and spoken word poetry, both
for his trash talking in boxing and as political poetry for his
activism, anticipating elements of rap and hip hop music. As a
musician, Ali recorded two spoken word albums and a rhythm and
blues song, and received two Grammy Award nominations. As an
actor, he performed in several films and a Broadway musical.
Additionally, Ali wrote two autobiographies, one during and one
after his boxing career. As a Muslim, Ali was initially affiliated
with Elijah Muhammad' Nation Of Islam (NOI) and advocated their
black separatist ideology. He later disavowed the NOI, adhering to
Sunni Islam, practicing Sufism, and supporting racial integration,
like his former mentor Malcolm X. After retiring from boxing at
age 39 in 1981, Ali devoted his life to religious and charitable
work. In 1984, Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson' syndrome, which
his doctors attributed to boxing-related brain injuries. As his
condition worsened, Ali made limited public appearances and was
cared for by his family until his death at the age of 74 from
septic shock in a Scottsdale, Arizona hospital. Following Ali's
death, he was the number-one trending topic on Twitter for over 12
hours and on Facebook for several days. BET played their
documentary Muhammad Ali: Made In Miami. ESPN played four hours of
non-stop commercial-free coverage of Ali. News networks, such as
ABC News, BBC, CNN, and Fox News, also covered him extensively. He
was mourned globally, and a family spokesman said the family
"certainly believes that Muhammad was a citizen of the world
... and they know that the world grieves with him."
Politicians such as Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, Bill Clinton,
Donald Trump, David Cameron and more paid tribute to Ali. Ali also
received numerous tributes from the world of sports including
Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods, Floyd Mayweather, Mike Tyson, the
Miami Marlins, LeBron James, Steph Curry and more. Louisville
Mayor Greg Fischer stated, "Muhammad Ali belongs to the
world. But he only has one hometown." The day after Ali's
death, the UFC paid tribute to Ali at their UFC 199 event in a
lengthy video tribute package, crediting Ali for his
accomplishments and inspiring multiple UFC champions. Ali's
funeral had been pre-planned by himself and others for several
years prior to his actual death. The services began in Louisville
on June 9, 2016, with an Islamic Janazah prayer service at Freedom
Hall on the grounds of the Kentucky Exposition Center. On June 10,
2016, the funeral procession passed through the streets of
Louisville ending at Cave Hill Cemetery, where his body was
interred during a private ceremony. A public memorial service for
Ali at downtown Louisville's KFC Yum! Center was held during the
afternoon of June 10. Billy Crystal gave the eulogy. The
pallbearers included Will Smith, Lennox Lewis and Mike Tyson, with
honorary pallbearers including George Chuvalo, Larry Holmes and
George Foreman. Ali's memorial was watched by an estimated 1
billion viewers worldwide. In the words of Bob Dylan's tribute,
"If the measure of greatness is to gladden the heart of every
human being on the face of the earth, then he truly was the
greatest. In every way he was the bravest, the kindest and the
most excellent of men." He is buried at Cave Hill Cemetery in
Louisville, Kentucky. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1978: The Cold War: The
Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Aftermath Of The Yom Kippur War: The
Arab-Israeli Peace Process: The Egyptian-Israeli Peace Process:
The Camp David Accords: -- Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin
and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat begin, with American President
Jimmy Carter's moderation and supervision, twelve days of secret
peace negotiations at Camp David, America's 125-acre country
presidential retreat located in the wooded hills of Catoctin
Mountain Park in Frederick County, Maryland. Originally known as
Hi-Catoctin, Camp David was built as a camp for federal government
agents and their families by the WPA (Works Progress
Administration) between 1935 and 1938, and President Franklin D.
Roosevelt converted it in 1942 to a presidential retreat and
renamed it "Shangri-La", for the fictional Himalayan
paradise in the 1933 novel Lost Horizon by British author James
Hilton. Eleven years later, President Dwight D. Eisenhower renamed
Shangri-La to Camp David, in honor of his father, and grandson,
both named David. As a country retreat, it was considered to be a
relaxing environment in which to hold what were both expected and
proved to be the contentious and difficult negotiations involved
in what became known as The Camp David Accords. The efforts
initially focused on a comprehensive resolution of disputes
between Israel and the Arab countries, but it gradually evolved
into a search for a bilateral agreement between Israel and Egypt.
The Camp David Accords comprise two separate agreements: "A
Framework for Peace in the Middle East" and "A Framework
for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel",
the second leading towards the Egypt-Israel peace treaty signed in
March 1979. The agreements and the peace treaty were both
accompanied by "side-letters" of understanding between
Egypt and the U.S. and Israel and the U.S. On September 17, 1978,
The Camp David Accords were signed by Israel's Prime Minister
Begin and Egypt's President Sadat at the White House, and
witnessed by America's President Carter. Sadat and Begin received
the shared 1978 Nobel Peace Prize for this achievement. Sadat was
assassinated by members of Egypt's Islamic Jihad in part due to
his signing the Camp David Accords. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Bob Newhart: Off The Record TV Special DVD, MP4 Download, USB
Drive
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1929: #BOTD: #HBD! Bob
Newhart, American stand-up comedian and actor, noted for his
deadpan and slightly stammering delivery (d. July 18, 2024) is
#born George Robert Newhart at West Suburban Hospital in Oak Park,
Illinois. Newhart came to prominence in the 1960s when his album
of comedic monologues, The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart, became
a worldwide bestseller and reached number one on the Billboard pop
album chart- it remains the 20th-best selling comedy album in
history. The follow-up album, The Button-Down Mind Strikes Back!,
was also a massive success, and the two albums held the Billboard
number one and number two spots simultaneously. Newhart later went
into acting, starring as Chicago psychologist Dr. Robert Hartley
in The Bob Newhart Show during the 1970s and then as Vermont
innkeeper Dick Loudon on the 1980s series Newhart. Newhart also
appeared in film roles such as Major Major in Catch-22 and Papa
Elf in Elf. In 2004, he played the library head Judson in The
Librarian, a character which continued in 2014 to the TV series
The Librarians. In 2013, Newhart made his first of four guest
appearances on The Big Bang Theory as Professor Proton, for which
he received his first Primetime Emmy Award on September 15, 2013.
Newhart died from complications of several undisclosed short
illnesses at his home in Los Angeles at the age of 94. Upon his
death, President Joe Biden released a statement which read,
"Today, we mourn the loss of Bob Newhart, a comedy legend and
beloved performer who kept Americans laughing for decades."
Those who paid tributes to Newhart included Reese Witherspoon,
James Woods, Julie Bowen, Carol Burnett, Conan O'Brien, Alec
Baldwin, Judd Apatow, Kaley Cuoco, Mayim Bialik, Kunal Nayyar,
Iain Armitage, Al Franken, Mark Hamill, and Jamie Lee Curtis. He
is buried at San Fernando Mission Cemetery in Mission Hills, Los
Angeles County, California. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Hollywood: The Fabulous Era Sound Films Documentary MP4 Download
DVD
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1902: #BOTD: #HBD! Darryl
Zanuck, American studio executive, actor, director, film director,
producer, film producer and screenwriter (d. December 22, 1979) is
#born Darryl Francis Zanuck in Wahoo, Nebraska. Darryl Zanuck
started contributing stories for films starting in the silent era.
He played a major part in the Hollywood studio system as one of
its longest survivors (the length of his career was rivaled only
by that of Adolph Zukor). He earned three Academy Awards as
producer for Best Picture during his tenure, but was responsible
for many more. He co-founded 20th Century Studios, which later
merged with Fox. His films included the first sound picture The
Jazz Singer, and also The Snake Pit and The Grapes Of Wrath.
Darryl Zanuck died of pneumonia in Palm Springs, California at the
age of 77. He is interred at the Westwood Village Memorial Park
Cemetery, near his wife, Virginia Fox in Westwood, Los Angeles,
California. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Seven Days In The Life Of The President LBJ 1965 DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1921: #BOTD: #HBD! Jack
Valenti, American soldier, airman, businessman, political advisor,
Special Assistant to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson, lobbyist,
creator of the MPAA film rating system (d. April 26, 2007) is
#born Jack Joseph Valenti in Houston, Texas, the son of Italian
immigrants. During World War II, he was a first lieutenant in the
United States Army Air Force. Valenti flew 51 combat missions as
the pilot-commander of a B-25 medium bomber and received four
decorations, including the Distinguished Flying Cross and Air
Medal. Valenti graduated from the University of Houston in 1946
with a BBA. During his time there, he worked on the staff of the
university newspaper, The Daily Cougar, and was president of the
university's student government. Valenti would later serve on the
university's board of regents. After earning an M.B.A. from
Harvard University in 1948, Valenti went to work for Humble Oil in
its advertising department, where he helped the company's Texas
gas stations jump from fifth to first in sales through a "cleanest
restrooms" campaign. In 1952, he and a partner named Weldon
Weekley founded Weekley & Valenti, an advertising agency, with
oil company, Conoco, as its first client. In 1956, Valenti met
then Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson. Weekley &
Valenti branched out into political consulting and added
Representative Albert Thomas, a Johnson ally, as a client. In
1960, Valenti's firm assisted in the Kennedy-Johnson presidential
campaign. Valenti served as liaison with the news media during the
November 22, 1963, visit of President John F. Kennedy and
Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson to Dallas, Texas, and Valenti was
in the presidential motorcade. Following the assassination of
President Kennedy, Valenti was present in the famous photograph of
Lyndon Johnson's swearing in aboard Air Force One, and flew with
the new president to Washington. He then became the first "special
assistant" to Johnson's White House and lived in the White
House for the first two months of Johnson's presidency. In 1964,
Johnson gave Valenti the responsibility to handle relations with
the Republican Congressional leadership, particularly Gerald Ford
and Charles Halleck from the House of Representatives, and the
Senate's Everett Dirksen. Valenti later called Johnson "the
most single dominating human being that I've ever been in contact
with" and "the single most intelligent man I've ever
known". In a speech before the American Advertising
Federation in 1965, Valenti said: "I sleep each night a
little better, a little more confidently, because Lyndon Johnson
is my president." Valenti later attacked film director Oliver
Stone for the 1991 movie JFK. Valenti called the movie a
"monstrous charade" and said, "I owe where I am
today to Lyndon Johnson. I could not live with myself if I stood
by mutely and let some filmmaker soil his memory." In 1966,
Valenti, at the insistence of Universal Studios chief Lew
Wasserman, and with Johnson's consent, resigned his White House
commission and became the president of the Motion Picture
Association of America. With Valenti's arrival in Hollywood, the
pair were lifelong allies, and together orchestrated and
controlled how Hollywood would conduct business for the next
several decades. In 1968, Valenti developed the MPAA film rating
system, which initially comprised four distinct ratings: G, M, R
and X. The M rating was soon replaced by GP, and changed to PG in
1972. The X rating immediately proved troublesome, since it was
not trademarked and therefore was used freely by the pornography
industry, with which it became most associated. Films such as
Midnight Cowboy and A Clockwork Orange were assumed to be
pornographic because they carried the X rating. In 1990 the NC-17
rating was introduced as a trademarked "adults only"
replacement for the non-trademarked X-rating. The PG-13 rating was
added in 1984 to provide a greater range of distinction for
audiences, and was first proposed to Valenti by Steven Spielberg.
During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Valenti became notorious
for his flamboyant attacks on the Sony Betamax Video Cassette
Recorder (VCR), which the MPAA feared would devastate the movie
industry. He famously told a congressional panel in 1982, "I
say to you that the VCR is to the American film producer and the
American public as the Boston strangler is to the woman home
alone." Despite Valenti's prediction, the home video market
ultimately came to be the mainstay of movie studio revenues
throughout the 1980s and 1990s. In 1998, Valenti lobbied for the
controversial Digital Millennium Copyright Act, arguing that
copyright infringement via the Internet would severely damage the
record and movie industries. In 2003, Valenti found himself at the
center of the so-called screener debate, as the MPAA barred
studios and many independent producers from sending screener
copies of their films to critics and voters in various awards
shows. Under mounting industry pressure and a court injunction
Antidote Int'l Films Inc. et al. v MPAA (November 2003), Valenti
backed down in 2004, narrowly avoiding a massive and embarrassing
antitrust lawsuit against the MPAA. He died on April 26, 2007, at
his home in Washington, D.C. from stroke complications. He is
buried at Arlington National Cemetery under a veteran's
gravestone, which lists both his war decorations and his years as
president of the MPAA. His memoirs This Time, This Place: My Life
in War, the White House and Hollywood were published on May 15,
2007, only a few weeks after his death. On Sale Until Midnight
Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
It's A Joke Son! (1947) Kenny Delmar As Senator Claghorn DVD, MP4,
USB
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1910: #BOTD: #HBD! Kenny
Delmar, American actor active in radio, films, and animation,
announcer on the pioneering radio news series The March of Time, a
national radio sensation beginning in 1945 as Senator Beauregard
Claghorn on the long running "Allen's Alley" sketch on
The Fred Allen Show, a character Delmar created that was a primary
inspiration for the Warner Bros. cartoon character Foghorn Leghorn
(d. July 14, 1984) is #born Kenneth Frederick Fay Howard in
Boston, Massachusetts. Kenneth Howard Delmar moved to New York
City in infancy after the separation of his parents. His mother,
Evelyn Delmar, was a vaudevillian who toured the country with her
sister. Kenny Delmar was on the stage from age seven. His first
screen appearance was in the D. W. Griffith film Orphans of the
Storm (1921), in which he played the Joseph Schildkraut role as a
child. During the Depression he left the stage to work in his
stepfather's business. After running his own dancing school for a
year he married one of his ballet teachers, Alice Cochran, and
decided to try a career in radio. By the late 1930s, Delmar was an
announcer on such major radio series as The March of Time and Your
Hit Parade. He played multiple roles in The Mercury Theatre on the
Air's October 1938 radio drama The War Of The Worlds. His main
role was that of Captain Lansing, the National Guardsman who
collapses in terror when confronted by the Martian invaders,
although he also is noted for his address to the "citizens of
the nation" as the Secretary of the Interior, in which role
he spoke in a stentorian, declamatory style deliberately
reminiscent of then-President Franklin Roosevelt. Cavalcade of
America featured him in their repertory cast, and also was heard
as Commissioner Weston on early episodes of The Shadow. Delmar is
notable for creating the character Senator Beauregard Claghorn on
Fred Allen's radio program Allen's Alley, which he did while also
serving as the show's regular announcer. Senator Claghorn made his
radio debut October 7, 1945, and six months later was called
"unquestionably the most quoted man in the nation" by
Life magazine. The role inspired the Warner Bros. animated
character Foghorn Leghorn, first seen in the Oscar-nominated
cartoon Walky Talky Hawky (1946). The New York Times wrote:
"During the late 1940s, Mr. Delmar captivated 20 million
radio listeners every Sunday night with his burlesque of a
bombastic, super-chauvinistic legislator who drank only from Dixie
cups and refused to drive through the Lincoln Tunnel... His stock
expression, 'That's a joke, son,' was for many years one of the
nation's pet phrases, mimicked by children and businessmen alike.
... The windbag character, he said, was inspired by a Texas cattle
rancher who had picked him up while he was hitchhiking and barely
stopped talking." Delmar was also a well-utilized cartoon
voice talent whose voice was familiar to baby-boomers on the
Underdog TV series as Commander McBragg, Major Minor on "Klondike
Kat", and other Saturday morning cartoon icons. Delmar was
later heard by a later generation of television watchers via the
animated character called The Hunter, an ancillary segment of the
cartoon series King Leonardo and his Short Subjects ( 1960-1963)
produced by Total Television Productions, which Delmar himself
also voiced using his Senator Claghorn inflections, including,
"That's a joke, son." "The Hunter" was a dog
detective whose nemesis was The Fox, a criminal fox who attempted
bizarre capers, usually huge in scope (such as attempting to steal
the Brooklyn Bridge, the Statue Of Liberty or, in one episode, the
State of Florida). At the height of his and his character Senator
Claghorn's popularity, Delmar starred as Claghorn in the
theatrical feature film It's a Joke, Son! in 1947. Delmar was also
announcer and voice performer on The Alan Young Show in 1944. One
of the characters that he played was Counselor Cartonbranch who is
obviously similar in mannerisms and voice to Senator Claghorn.In
1953 he returned to radio replacing Hans Conried's character on My
Friend Irma, as the Professor's cousin, Maestro Wanderkin and as
Conried's Schultz on Life with Luigi. He died of undisclosed
causes aged 73 at St. Joseph's Hospital in Stamford, Connecticut.
He is buried at Long Ridge Union Cemetery in Stamford, Fairfield
County, Connecticut. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Those Oldies But Goodies Rock & Roll Doo-Wop MP3 Set DVD
Download USB
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1943: #BOTD: #HBD! Speedo
Frazier, African American lead singer and founding member of the
first popular racially integrated American doo-wop group The
Impalas (d. April 1, 2014) is #born. The Impalas were best known
in the late 1950s for their hit, "Sorry (I Ran All the Way
Home)". The group formed in 1958 in Brooklyn, New York, and
was composed of lead singer Joe "Speedo" Frazier
(September 5, 1943 - April 1, 2014), Richard Wagner, Lenny Renda
and Tony Carlucci. They were a racially integrated group; Frazier
was the only black member. They recorded for Hamilton Records and
were found by songwriters Artie Zwirn and Aristides "Gino"
Giosasi, who wrote the song "Sorry (I Ran All the Way Home)".
In 1959 disc jockey Alan Freed heard the group, added his name as
a writer of the song and got them a deal with MGM Records
subsidiary label Cub. In the US, the record reached No. 2 on the
U.S. pop chart, No. 14 on the R & B chart. Outside the US,
"Sorry (I Ran All the Way Home)" peaked at No. 28 on the
UK Singles Chart. The song sold over one million copies, earning
gold disc status. The group recorded follow-ups including "'Bye
Everybody," "Oh What A Fool," an album for Cub, and
one further single for the 20th Century label before disbanding in
1961. Frazier went on to sing with Love's Own in 1973, and in 1980
resurrected the Impalas as a touring act. Speedo Frazier died on
April Fools Day, 2014 at the age of 70. His burial details are not
publicly disclosed. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
33 1/3 Revolutions Per Monkee (1969) The Monkees DVD MP4 Download
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1947: #BOTD: #HBD! Buddy
Miles, African American drummer, singer, songwriter, composer, and
record producer (d. February 26, 2008) is #born George Allen Miles
Jr in Omaha, Nebraska. He was a founding member of the Electric
Flag (1967), a pioneering American blues rock soul group, led by
guitarist Mike Bloomfield, keyboardist Barry Goldberg and Miles.
He was founder, leader and frontman of the Buddy Miles Express,
formed after the Electric Flag broke up, and later, the Buddy
Miles Band. He was a member of Jimi Hendrix's Band of Gypsys
(1969-1970), recording a live album on January 1, 1970, at the
Fillmore East in New York City that was the first album without
his original group The Jimi Hendrix Experience, and the last
full-length album released before his death. Miles also played and
recorded with Carlos Santana and others. Additionally, he sang
lead vocals on the critically and commercially acclaimed
"California Raisins" claymation TV commercials which won
an Emmy Award and one nomination and recorded two California
Raisins R & B albums. Buddy Miles died of congestive heart
disease aged 60 at his home in Austin, Texas, with his family by
his side. There was no funeral; Miles was cremated, and his ashes
were scattered in his hometown of Omaha, Nebraska. On Sale Until
Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Jungle Gents (1954) The Bowery Boy DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash
Drive
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1954: Aesthetics: Performing
Arts: Premieres: Film Premieres: American Film Premieres: -- The
Bowery Boys comedy film Jungle Gents is released by Allied
Artists. It is the thirty-fifth film in the series and the film
debut of Clint Walker in an uncredited appearance at the end of
the film. The jungle sets are the same ones used for the 1949-1955
film series starring Bomba, the Jungle Boy. When Sach obtains the
ability to smell diamonds after he starts taking medication for a
sinus infection, he and the boys go off to Africa in search of
wealth. A gang of thieves comes along and tries to steal any
diamonds that they may find. They capture the boys and insist they
help the thieves find diamonds. The boys are unwilling to help so
they try to get Sach to catch a cold so he cannot smell any
diamonds. Unfortunately the thieves enlist a witch doctor to cure
Sach. A native jungle girl, Anatta, who only wants a "kiss,
kiss, kiss" from Sach, comes along and rescues them. On Sale
Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Monarchy In The UK: British Royal History DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1548: #DOTD: #RIP: Catherine
Parr (she signed her letters as Kateryn), sixth and last Queen of
Henry VIII Of England, Queen of England and Ireland, the last of
the six wives of King Henry VIII from their marriage on July 12,
1543 until Henry's death on January 28, 1547, by most accounts
beautiful, vivacious and scholarly (Birthdate Unknown, 1512) #dies
at Sudeley Castle, from what is thought to have been "childbed
fever", also known as puerperal fever. a postpartum infection
caused by bacteria in the female reproductive tract following
childbirth or miscarriage. This illness was common due to the lack
of hygiene around childbirth. Catherine's funeral was held on
September 7 1548. It was the first Protestant funeral held in
English, the first Protestant funeral in English held in England,
Scotland or Ireland. Her chief mourner was Lady Jane Grey. She is
buried in St. Mary's Chapel on the grounds of Sudeley Castle,
Gloucestershire, England. Catherine was the final queen consort of
the House of Tudor, and outlived Henry by a year and eight months.
Catherine Parr was born in Blackfriars, London, England, the
eldest child of Sir Thomas Parr, lord of the manor of Kendal in
Westmorland (now in Cumbria), and Maud Green, daughter and
co-heiress of Sir Thomas Green, lord of Greens Norton,
Northamptonshire, and Joan Fogge. With four husbands, she is the
most-married English queen. She was the first woman to publish an
original work under her own name in English in England, "Prayers
or Meditations", published in 1545. Catherine enjoyed a close
relationship with Henry's three children, Mary, Elizabeth and
Edward. She was personally involved in the education of Elizabeth
and Edward. She was influential in Henry VIII's passing of the
Third Succession Act in 1543 that restored his daughters Mary and
Elizabeth to the line of succession to the throne. Catherine was
appointed regent from July to September 1544 while Henry was on a
military campaign in France and in case he lost his life, she was
to rule as regent until Edward came of age. However, he did not
give her any function in government in his will. Following the
king's death, she assumed the role of guardian to her
stepdaughter, Elizabeth. On April 25, 1544, Catherine published
her first book, "Psalms or Prayers", anonymously. Her
book "Prayers or Meditations" became the first book
published by an English queen under her own name on June 2 1545.
She published a third book, "The Lamentation Of A Sinner",
on November 5, 1547. On account of her Protestant sympathies, she
provoked the enmity of anti-Protestant officials, who sought to
turn the king against her; a warrant for her arrest was drawn up,
probably in the spring of 1546. However, she and the king soon
reconciled. After Henry VIII's death in 1547, Catherine was
allowed to keep the queen's jewels and dresses as queen dowager.
About six months after Henry VIII's death, she married her fourth
and final husband, Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley.
Seymour was the uncle of King Edward VI (Catherine's stepson) and
the younger brother of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset and
Lord Protector of England. Catherine's fourth and final marriage
was short-lived, as she died approximately a year later. On Sale
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
The Cure 1917 + The Waiter's Ball 1916 Chaplin Arbuckle DVD, MP4,
USB
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1921: #DOTD: #RIP: Roscoe
"Fatty" Arbuckle's Labor Day party in a San Francisco
hotel ends when the young actress Virginia Rappe for which
Arbuckle was wrongfully blamed #dies, one of the first scandals of
the Hollywood community, and which was widely covered and
sensationalized by the media of the time. During a party held on
Labor Day, September 5, 1921, in Roscoe "Fatty"
Arbuckle's suite, number 1219, at the St. Francis Hotel in San
Francisco, Rappe allegedly suffered a trauma. She died on
September 9 from a ruptured bladder and secondary peritonitis. She
was buried at Hollywood Forever Cemetery. Rumors arose, supposedly
to besmirch her character, that Rappe had given birth to a child
in Chicago in 1918, and that the child was given to foster care.
These rumors were proven false by autopsy. The exact events of
that party are still unclear, with witnesses relating numerous
versions of what happened. It was alleged that Rappe had died as a
result of a violent sexual assault by Arbuckle. Arbuckle's
accuser, Maude Delmont, had accompanied Rappe to the party; she
had first met Rappe only a few days earlier. Delmont was a
notorious character with a police record for extortion and
blackmail. Subsequent witnesses testified that Rappe had for some
time suffered from cystitis, and that consuming alcohol could
aggravate that condition. Witnesses also testified that she had
previously suffered from venereal disease, so there were
allegations that her death was brought on by her health rather
than by an assault. After three manslaughter trials, Arbuckle was
formally acquitted; his acquittal in the third trial was
accompanied by an unprecedented statement of apology from the jury
stating, in part, that, "Acquittal is not enough for Roscoe
Arbuckle. We feel that a great injustice has been done him_ there
was not the slightest proof adduced to connect him in any way with
the commission of a crime." Arbuckle's reputation and career
were nevertheless ruined by the scandal. The case has been
examined by scholars and historians over the years and is still
speculated about today, and a number of detailed books about the
case have analyzed the incident and subsequent trials. On Sale
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Today, September 5, 2026
September 5, 1940: #BOTD: #HBD! Raquel
Welch, American actress, model, cultural icon, sex symbol and
beauty (d. February 15, 2023) is #born Jo Raquel Tejada in
Chicago, Illinois, the first child of Armando Carlos Tejada
Urquizo, an aeronautical engineer from La Paz, Bolivia from a
family of Spanish descent, and Josephine Sarah Hall, the daughter
of architect Emery Stanford Hall and his wife Clara Louise Adams,
a family of English ancestry. Welch was named after her paternal
grandmother. Her cousin, Bolivian politician Lidia Gueiler Tejada,
became the first female president of Bolivia and the second female
non-royal head of state in the Americas. Welch had a younger
brother, James "Jim" Tejada, and a younger sister, Gayle
Tejada. Welch first won attention for her role in Fantastic Voyage
(1966), after which she won a contract with 20th Century Fox. They
lent her contract to the British studio Hammer Film Productions,
for whom she made One Million Years B.C. (1966). Although Welch
had only three lines of dialogue in the film, images of her in the
doe-skin bikini became bestselling posters that turned her into an
international sex symbol. She later starred in Bedazzled (1967),
Bandolero! (1968), 100 Rifles (1969), Myra Breckinridge (1970),
Hannie Caulder (1971), Kansas City Bomber (1972), The Last of
Sheila (1973), The Wild Party (1975), and Mother, Jugs & Speed
(1976). She made several television variety specials. Through her
portrayal of strong female characters, helping her break the mold
of the traditional sex symbol, Welch developed a unique film
persona that made her an icon of the 1960s and 1970s. Her rise to
stardom in the mid-1960s was partly credited with ending
Hollywood's vigorous promotion of the blonde bombshell. Her love
scene with Jim Brown in 100 Rifles also made cinematic history
with their portrayal of interracial intimacy. She won a Golden
Globe Award for Best Motion Picture Actress in a Musical or Comedy
in 1974 for her performance in The Three Musketeers (1973). She
was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in
Television Film for her performance in the film Right to Die
(1987). Her final film was How to Be a Latin Lover (2017). In
1995, Welch was chosen by Empire magazine as one of the "100
Sexiest Stars in Film History". Playboy ranked Welch No. 3 on
their "100 Sexiest Stars of the Twentieth Century" list.
Raquel Welch died of cardiac arrest at her home in Los Angeles
while suffering from Alzheimer's disease, aged 82. Her remains
were cremated by Gorman Mortuary Inc. in the heart of the the
historic downtown Los Angeles area, and her ashes were given to
her daughter Tahnee Welch. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Teenagers! Classic Youth Social Guidance Films DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, September 5, 2026
September 5,: National Be Late For
Something Day: -- This unconventional holiday aims to promote the
more positive aspects of procrastination. No longer do you have to
succumb to the pressure of a busy schedule, you have the perfect
excuse to be fashionably late. The holiday highlights the need for
us to slow down the modern hectic lifestyle. It urges everyone to
focus on those things we never have time to appreciate or indulge
in. For some, this could be blowing off that "important"
meeting for some quality time with family. It doesn't matter what
your motivations are, so long as you benefit from that extra time.
The exact year of creation is up for debate, but there is no
denying the importance of the holiday. There are people who excel
at procrastinating and never seem capable of being punctual. This
behavior, while normally considered unacceptable, has been given a
new twist with this holiday. The Procrastinators Club of America
created National Be Late for Something Day to showcase the upsides
of tardiness. Founded by Les Waas in 1956, the club's committee
soon assigned September 5 as the official Be Late for Something
Day. The group has been active in the United States since then,
going on to protest the War of 1812 - in 1966. Philadelphia's
Betsy Ross bridge was the recipient of the "Award to Come
Later" title because of its delayed opening. The creation of
Be Late for Something Day was another valiant effort on their part
to pass an important message. With the incredible amount of
pressure placed on our shoulders in an ever-evolving world, we all
deserve a break now and again. Be Late for Something Day has
encouraged many to look at their schedules a little differently.
Take a step back and you might realize it's all not as serious as
you thought it to be. The pressure that comes with sticking to
tight schedules can be detrimental to mental and physical health.
Taking time to do little things you never have time for like a
walk, bird-watching, or maybe just a long nap, can work wonders.
Squeeze a couple of minutes out of your schedule and see what you
can, or can't, get up to!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Monster: A Portrait Of Stalin In Blood TV Series DVD, Download,
USB
Today, September 5, 2026September 5, 1918: The Aftermath Of World
War I: 20th Century Revolutions: The Revolutions Of 1917-1923: The
Interwar Period (The Aftermath Of World War I, The Interbellum,
Between The Wars): The Russian Revolution: The Soviet Union (The
Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR): The History Of The
Soviet Union: The Russian Civil War: The Eastern Front Of The
Russian Civil War: The Kazan Operation (September 5-10, 1918): --
The Kazan Operation, The Red Army's offensive against the
Czechoslovak Legion and the People's Army of Komuch during the
Russian Civil War, begins; it would end on September 10, 1918,
when The Red Army captured Kazan. Following the capture of Samara
by the Czech Legion on June 8, several members of the Constituent
Assembly, which had been dissolved by the Bolsheviks, organized a
Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly (in Russian
"Constituent Assembly" was "Uchreditel'noe
Sobranie", hence the abbreviation for Committee was
"Komuch"). This threatened to form an alternative
socialist government to the Bolshevik regime. In August 1918, the
Whites occupied Kazan. Bolshevik forces were defeated, and they
dispersed to Kazan's neighborhood. The Whites killed the remaining
of Bolsheviks in the city, including Mullanur Waxitov. Leon
Trotsky reported : "The Fifth Army has been assigned the task
of taking Kazan. Our enemy is trying to break through from Kazan
to Nizhny Novgorod, Perm, Vyatka and Vologda, to link up with the
Anglo-French troops, and to crush the heart of the workers'
revolution - Moscow. But before Kazan stand the workers' and
peasants' regiments of the Red Army. They know what their task is:
to prevent the enemy from taking a single step forward: to wrest
Kazan from his grasp: to throw back the Czech mercenaries and the
officer-thugs, drown them in the Volga, and crush their criminal
mutiny against the workers' revolution. In this conflict we are
using not only rifles, cannon and machine guns, but also
newspapers. For the newspaper is also a weapon. The newspaper
binds together all units of the Fifth Army in one thought, one
aspiration, one will. Forward to Kazan!" At the beginning of
the operation, the Reds' disposition was as follows: To the west
of Kazan were the Fifth Army of the Eastern Front under Peteris
Slavens and the Volga Flotilla under Fyodor Raskolnikov; to the
east of Kazan was the Arsk group of the Second Army under Woldemar
Azin. They opposed the Czechoslovak legion and KomUch People's
Army under A. P. Stepanov. On September 7, the Right Bank Group of
the Fifth Army with the flotilla's backing reached the right
(west) bank of Volga and shelled Kazan from the commanding
position of Uslan Hill. The Left Bank Group reached the mouth of
the Kazanka River. That day the Arsk Group took Kinderle and Klyki
villages to the east of Kazan. On September 9, sailors and landed
marksmen under Nikolay Markin took the beachhead at the western
part of Kazan. On that day the Left Bank Group and Arsk Group
joined and laid siege to part of Kazan. On September 10, after
storming the city from three directions, Red Army troops took
control of Kazan. The majority of Whites managed to sail away via
the Volga. The capturing of Kazan and Simbirsk by the Red Army
made continued strategic offensives westwards possible for the Red
Army.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Last Cause Spanish Civil War TV Series + Bonus MP4 Download DVD
Today, September 5, 2026September 5, 1937: The Interwar Period
(The Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Spanish Civil War: 1937
In The Spanish Civil War: The Asturias Offensive: The Battle Of El
Mazucu: -- The municipality of Llanes falls to the Nationalists
following a one-day siege. Despite this victory, the Nationalists'
advance into eastern Asturias could only proceed from Llances
along routes commanded by limestone mountain positions held by
stalrward Republican forces. The Nationalists had to clear the
defenders from these mountains in order to advance, and to do that
they planned a pincer movement moving southwest from Llanes and
west, along Cares river, from Panes towards Cabrales. On both
fronts, the rugged terrain and stiff Republican resistance halted
the advance, making it clear that the mountains of the Sierra de
Cuera were vital to the defence of Asturias, and that the key to
the Sierra de Cuera was the pass of El Mazucu, precipitating The
Battle Of El Mazucu, almost certainly the first battle to use
carpet bombing against a military target, fought from September
6-22, 1937. The Republican defence of El Mazucu and the
surrounding mountains halted the Nationalist advance into eastern
Asturias despite their forces being outnumbered sevenfold. After
weeks of intense fighting over extreme terrain the defenders were
eventually overwhelmed, and the Nationalists were then able to
link up with their forces advancing from Leon, leading to the fall
of Gijon and the abandonment of Asturias, the last Republican
province in North-West Spain.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: World
War II: The War Years 17 Part TV Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, September 5, 2026September 5, 1982: #DOTD: #RIP: Douglas
Bader, English captain and pilot, Royal Air Force (RAF) flying ace
of The Second World War, credited with 22 aerial victories, four
shared victories, six probables, one shared probable and 11 enemy
aircraft damaged (b. February 21 1910) #dies at the age of 72 of a
heart attack while being driven through Chiswick, West London, on
his way home from a dinner honouring Marshal of the Royal Air
Force Sir Arthur "Bomber" Harris at the Guildhall, at
which he spoke. His remains were cremated, and the ashes given to
his widow, Joan Eileen (Hipkiss) Bader OBE (Officer Of The Most
Excellent Order Of The British Empire). Group Captain Sir Douglas
Robert Steuart Bader CBE (Commander Of The Most Excellent Order Of
The British Empire), DSO (Distinguished Service Order) & Bar
(DSO awarded twice), DFC (Distinguished Flying Cross) & Bar
(DFC awarded twice), Kt (Knight Bachelor), FRAeS (Fellow Of The
Royal Aeronautical Society), MiD (Mentioned In Despatches), DL
(Deputy Lieutenant to a Lord Lieutenant representative of the
British monarch) was born on in St John's Wood, London, the second
son of Major Frederick Roberts Bader (1867-1922), a civil
engineer, and his wife Jessie Scott MacKenzie. Bader joined the
RAF in 1928, and was commissioned in 1930. In December 1931, while
attempting some aerobatics, he crashed and lost both his legs.
Having been on the brink of death, he recovered, retook flight
training, passed his check flights and then requested reactivation
as a pilot. Although there were no regulations applicable to his
situation, he was retired against his will on medical grounds.
After the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, however,
Douglas Bader returned to the RAF and was accepted as a pilot. He
scored his first victories over Dunkirk during the Battle Of
France in 1940. He then took part in the Battle Of Britain and
became a friend and supporter of Air Vice Marshal Trafford
Leigh-Mallory and his "Big Wing" experiments. In August
1941, Bader bailed out over German-occupied France and was
captured. Soon afterward, he met and was befriended by Adolf
Galland, a prominent German fighter ace. Despite his disability,
Bader made a number of escape attempts and was eventually sent to
the prisoner of war camp at Colditz Castle. He remained there
until April 1945 when the camp was liberated by the First United
States Army. Bader left the RAF permanently in February 1946 and
resumed his career in the oil industry. During the 1950s, a book
and a film, Reach for the Sky, chronicled his life and RAF career
to the end of the Second World War. Bader campaigned for the
disabled and in the Queen's Birthday Honours 1976 was appointed a
Knight Bachelor "for services to disabled people" and
continued to fly until ill health forced him to stop in 1979.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: X Minus
One: Sci-Fi Radio Series MP3 DVD, Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, September 5, 2026September 5, 1992: #DOTD: #RIP: Fritz
Leiber, American writer of fantasy, horror, and science fiction,
poet, actor in theater and films, playwright, and chess expert (b.
December 24, 1910) #dies aged 81 of a stroke a few weeks after a
physical collapse while traveling from a science fiction
convention in London, Ontario, Canada with his second wife, Margo
Skinner. His burial details are not publicly disclosed, other than
that he is buried somwhere in California. Fritz Leiber was born
Fritz Reuter Leiber Jr. on Christmas Eve, 1910, in Chicago,
Illinois, to the Shakespearean actors Fritz Leiber and Virginia
Bronson Leiber. Along with writers such as Robert E. Howard and
Michael Moorcock, Fritz Leiber is one of the fathers of Sword And
Sorcery (S & S, Heroic Fantasy), a subgenre of fantasy
characterized by sword-wielding heroes engaged in exciting and
violent adventures, and coined the term.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Mein
Kampf: A Blueprint For The Age Of Chaos 1960 DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, September 5, 2026September 5, 1881: #BOTD: #HBD! Otto
Bauer, Austrian soldier, philosopher, lawyer and Social Democrat
politician considered one of the leading thinkers of the
left-socialist Austromarxists, Foreign Minister of Austria (d.
September 5, 1938) is #born in Vienna. He was also an early
inspiration for both the New Left movement and Eurocommunism in
their attempt to find a "Third way" to democratic
socialism. Having studied at the University of Vienna, he finished
his PhD in Law in 1906 and published his first book, Die
Sozialdemokratie und die Nationalitatenfrage (Social Democracy And
The Nationality Question), in 1907. The Austromarxist principle of
national personal autonomy ("personal principle") was
developed in this book, and was seen by him a way of gathering the
geographically divided members of the same nation to "organize
nations not in territorial bodies but in simple association of
persons", thus radically disjoining the nation from the
territory and making of the nation a non-territorial association.
Although he was politically active during his studies, his gradual
rise in the Social Democratic Party of Austria began after he had
finished his doctoral studies. He founded Der Kampf (The
Struggle), the theoretical journal of the party in 1907; fellow
Austrian Adolf Hitler may have had it in mind when he published
his autobiography Mein Kampf (My Struggle). Between 1907 and 1914
he was secretary of the party. As one of Austria's leading "left"
socialists, Bauer was able to establish himself as a likely
successor to Viktor Adler as party leader. Bauer served in the
Austro-Hungarian Army and was captured on the Eastern Front in the
early months of the First World War. He spent three years as a
prisoner of war in Russia, returning to Austria in 1917. After
Viktor Adler's death in 1918, Bauer became leader of the Austrian
Social Democratic Party. From November 1918 to July 1919 the
Austrian Social Democrats formed a coalition government with the
Christian Social Party and Otto Bauer was appointed Minister of
Foreign Affairs. Despite his Marxist socialism, he had
pan-Germanic and nationalist ideas (he negotiated with the Weimar
government an eventual accession of Austria into Germany by March
1919 during the German Revolution) and was disappointed when the
Treaty Of Versailles expressly prohibited the union of Austria
with Germany. When Engelbert Dollfuss, with the assistance of
elements of the Christian Social Party and the Heimwehr, installed
an authoritarian, corporatist dictatorship in 1933, the activities
of the Austrian Social Democrats were severely curtailed.
Following the Social Democrats' failed uprising in February, 1934
known as the Austrian Civil War (or February Rising), Otto Bauer
was forced into exile. He continued to organize the Austrian
Social Democrats' resistance, first from Brunn (Bruenn, modern
Brno), Czechoslovakia, and later from Brussels, Belgium, and
finally Paris. He continued his literary and theoretical work
until his death. Bauer died of heart failure in Paris on July 4,
1938, aged 56, just four months after Austria had become part of
the Nazi Third Reich. He is buried in the Vienna Central Cemetery,
one of the largest cemeteries in the world by number of interred,
and is the most well-known cemetery among Vienna's nearly 50
cemeteries. His sister, Ida Bauer, was a patient of Sigmund Freud,
who published a famous case study about her using the pseudonym
Dora.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Music
Documentaries III Video Pioneers Tom Waits Turtles DVD, MP4, USB
Today, September 5, 2026September 5, 2025: #DOTD: #RIP: Mark
Volman, American rock and roll guitarist, vocalist, and
songwriter, best known as a founding member of the 1960s rock band
The Turtles (b. April 19, 1947) #dies peacefully aged 78 in a
Nashville, Tennessee hospital of an undisclosed blood disease with
this former second wife Emily and one of his daughters by Patricia
Lee Hickey, his high school sweetheart first wife, at his side.
His burial details are not publicly available. Mark Volman was
born Mark Randall Volman in Los Angeles, California. Along along
with his bandmate. friend and fellow Turtles founding member
Howard Kaylan, they were founding members of the 1970s rock duo
Flo & Eddie, where Volman used the pseudonym Flo (abbreviation
from Phlorescent Leech). Volman also became a stand-out figure
upon joining Frank Zappa's band, The Mothers of Invention.
#MarkVolman. #Guitarists #Singers #Songwriters #TheTurtles
#HowardKaylan #FloAndEddie #FrankZappa #TheMothersOfInvention #MP4
#VideoDownload #DVD
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: WABC
Radio Airchecks MP3 Collection 1960s-1980s DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today, September 5, 2026September 5, 2024: #DOTD: #RIP: Sergio
Mendes, Brazilian pianist and composer (b. February 11, 1941)
#dies from complications of long COVID at a hospital in Los
Angeles, California at the age of 83. The final disposition of his
cremains are not publicly disclosed. Sergio Mendes was born Sergio
Santos Mendes in Niteroi, Brazil. He has over 55 releases, and
plays bossa nova heavily crossed with jazz and funk. He was
nominated for an Oscar for Best Original Song in 2012 as co-writer
of the song "Real in Rio" from the animated film Rio.
Mendes is a unique example of a Brazilian musician primarily known
in the United States, where his albums were recorded and where
most of his touring took place. Mendes is married to Gracinha
Leporace, who has performed with him since the early 1970s. Mendes
has also collaborated with many artists through the years,
including The Black Eyed Peas, with whom he re-recorded in 2006 a
version of his breakthrough hit, "Mas Que Nada". Mas,
que Nada! (Brazilian Portuguese: "More Than Anything")
is a song written and originally performed in 1963 by Jorge Ben on
his debut album, which became Sergio Mendes' signature song in his
1966 cover version. It was voted by the Brazilian edition of
Rolling Stone as the fifth greatest Brazilian song. It was
inducted to the Latin Grammy Hall of Fame in 2013.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Golden Age Of Rock 'N' Roll DVD, MP4 Video Download, Flash Drive
Today, September 5, 2026September 5, 2012: #DOTD: #RIP: Joe
South, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer
(b. February 28, 1940) #dies at his home in Buford, Georgia,
northeast of Atlanta of heart failure, aged 72. South and second
wife Jan Tant, who died in 1999, are buried in Mount Harmony
Memorial Gardens Cemetery, in Mableton (Cobb County), Georgia. Joe
South was born Joseph Alfred Souter in Atlanta, Georgia. Best
known for his songwriting, South won the Grammy Award for Song of
the Year in 1970 for "Games People Play" and was again
nominated for the award in 1972 for "Rose Garden". South
was also a prominent sideman, playing guitar on Tommy Roe's
"Sheila", Bob Dylan's Blonde on Blonde album, and Aretha
Franklin's "Chain of Fools". South played electric
guitar on Simon and Garfunkel's second album, Sounds of Silence,
although Al Gorgoni and/or Vinnie Bell feature on the title track.
Billy Joe Royal recorded such South songs as "Down in the
Boondocks" (also covered in 1969 by Penny DeHaven), "I
Knew You When", "Yo-Yo" (later a hit for The
Osmonds), "Hush" (later a hit for Deep Purple), and
more.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Alternative Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band MP3 CD Download
USB
Today, September 5, 2026September 5, 2009: #DOTD: #RIP: Richard
Merkin, American painter, illustrator and arts educator (Birthdate
Unknown, 1938) #dies at his home in Croton-on-Hudson, New York,
after a long illness, aged 70. His burial details are not publicly
available. Richard Merkin was born Richard Marshall Merkin in
Brooklyn, New York. Richard Merkin's fascination with the 1920s
and 1930s defined his art and shaped his identity as a
professional dandy. Many of Merkin's works depict the interwar
years, painting narrative scenes in bright colors of jazz
musicians, film stars, writers, and sports heroes. Merkin was as
well known for his painting and illustration work as he was for
his eccentric collecting habits and his outre fashion sense.
Merkin was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1938, and held an
undergraduate degree in fine art from Syracuse University in 1960,
a Master's Degree in art from Michigan State University in 1961,
and a master's degree in Painting (MFA) from the Rhode Island
School of Design in 1963. In 1962-63 he received a Louis Comfort
Tiffany Foundation Fellowship in Painting and, in 1975, The
Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award from The National
Institute of Arts and Letters. Merkin began teaching at the Rhode
Island School of Design (RISD) in 1963 and remained there for 42
years, during which time he built his reputation in New York. He
commuted every week to RISD to teach painting and drawing, after
he moved back to New York in 1967. At RISD, Merkin was loved and
revered. One RISD alum described him as "fearless beyond
measure." Some notable students Merkin taught at RISD include
Chris Frantz and Tina Weymouth of the band Talking Heads and
Martin Mull. Richard Merkin was regularly seen on campus wearing
his trademark scarf and ballet slippers. In 1974, when the film
The Great Gatsby was being filmed in Newport, Merkin appeared as
an extra in one of the lawn party scenes. Merkin had been a
contributing editor for Vanity Fair since 1986 and a regular
contributor of illustrations to The New Yorker since 1988, as well
as Harper's and The New York Times' Sunday Magazine. From
1988-1991, he wrote a monthly style column called "Merkin on
Style" for Gentlemen's Quarterly. In 1986, Merkin told The
Daily News Record, a fashion publication: "Dressing, like
painting, should have a residual stability, plus punctuation and
surprise ... Somewhere, like in Krazy Kat, you've got to throw the
brick." Merkin also designed several album covers for the
Jazz record label Chiaroscuro Records for artists such as Mary Lou
Williams, Ruby Braff, and Ellis Larkins. Merkin's friend, the
writer Tom Wolfe wrote to The New York Times upon Merkin's death
"He was the greatest of that breed, the Artist Dandy, since
Sargent, Whistler and Dali ... Like Dali, he had one of the few
remaining Great Mustaches in the art world... What made Merkin so
sought after as an illustrator was his eccentric approach to
modernist art. He used Modernism's all-over flat designs - that
is, every square inch of the canvas was covered by flat,
unmodulated blocs of color of equal value, creating not three but
two dimensions - but his works were full of people, rendered in
the same fashion, in comic poses and situations and extravagantly
caricatured." The New Yorker noted that Merkin "loved
and evoked the great spirit of the nineteen-twenties, thirties,
and forties in his work - he was, moreover, 'a connoisseur of the
good life.'" Merkin's career at The New Yorker spanned twenty
years, three covers, and nearly three hundred illustrations.
Merkin died on September 5, 2009 at his home in Croton-on-Hudson,
New York, after a long illness. He was 70 years old. He was
survived by his wife Heather Merkin. Merkin is represented in the
permanent collections of The Museum of Modern Art, The Smithsonian
Institution, Brooklyn Museum and the Whitney Museum, among others.
He appears on the cover of The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely
Hearts Club Band album, (back row, right of center, between Fred
Astaire and a Vargas Girl).
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Making Of The President 1964 POTUS Campaign LBJ DVD, Download, USB
Today, September 5, 2026September 5, 2016: #DOTD: Phyllis
Schlafly, American lawyer, writer, paleoconservative political and
social activist. prominent anti-feminist spokesperson for the
national conservative movement (b. August 15, 1924) #dies of
cancer at her home in Ladue, Missouri, aged 92. She is buried at
Calvary Cemetery and Mausoleum in St. Louis, Missouri, the city
where she was born Phyllis McAlpin Stewart. Phyllis Stewart
Schlafly opposed feminism, gay rights and abortion, and
successfully campaigned against ratification of the Equal Rights
Amendment to the U.S. She came to national attention when millions
of copies of her self-published book A Choice Not an Echo were
distributed in support of Barry Goldwater's 1964 presidential
campaign, especially in California's hotly fought
winner-take-all-delegates GOP primary. In it, Schlafly denounced
the Rockefeller Republicans in the Northeast, accusing them of
corruption and globalism. Critics called the book a conspiracy
theory about "secret kingmakers" controlling the
Republican Party. Schlafly had previously been a member of the
John Birch Society, but quit, and later denied she had been a
member because she feared her association with the organization
would damage her book's reputation. By mutual agreement her books
were not mentioned in the John Birch Society's magazine, and the
distribution of her books by the society was handled so as to mask
their involvement. The society was able to dispense 300,000 copies
of A Choice Not an Echo in California prior to the June 2, 1964
GOP primary. Gardiner Johnson, Republican National Committee for
California, stated that the distribution of her book in California
was a major factor in Goldwater's defeating Rockefeller in fight
for the Republican nomination. Schlafly co-authored books on
national defense and was critical of arms control agreements with
the Soviet Union. In 1972, Schlafly founded the Eagle Forum, a
"conservative" (far right, really) political interest
group, and remained its chairwoman and CEO until her death in 2016
while staying active in so-called conservative causes.
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